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The role of start-ups in structural transformation

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Abstract

The U.S. economy has been going through a striking structural transformation?the secular reallocation of employment across sectors?over the past several decades. We propose a decomposition framework to assess the contributions of various margins of firm dynamics to this shift. Using firm-level data, we find that at least 50 percent of the adjustment has been taking place along the entry margin, owing to sectors receiving shares of start-up employment that differ from their overall employment shares. The rest is mostly the result of life cycle differences across sectors. Declining overall entry has a small but growing effect of dampening structural transformation.

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  • Robert C. Dent & Fatih Karahan & Benjamin Pugsley & Ayşegül Şahin, 2016. "The role of start-ups in structural transformation," Staff Reports 762, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:762
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    Cited by:

    1. Alon, Titan & Berger, David & Dent, Robert & Pugsley, Benjamin, 2018. "Older and slower: The startup deficit’s lasting effects on aggregate productivity growth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 68-85.
    2. Shyngys Karimov & Jozef Konings, 2021. "The start-up gap and jobs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 2067-2084, December.
    3. Costa Climent, Ricardo & Haftor, Darek M., 2021. "Value creation through the evolution of business model themes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 353-361.
    4. Xiang Ding & Teresa C. Fort & Stephen J. Redding & Peter K. Schott, 2019. "Structural Change Within Versus Across Firms: Evidence from the United States," Working Papers 2019-9, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    5. Shyngys Karimov & Jozef Konings, 2021. "How lockdown causes a missing generation of start-ups and jobs," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 457-473, July.
    6. Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Thanh-Hang Pham & Manh-Toan Ho & Huyen Thanh T. Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2021. "On the social and conceptual structure of the 50-year research landscape in entrepreneurial finance," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 1-29, January.
    7. Filippo Biondi & Sergio Inferrera & Matthias Mertens & Javier Miranda, 2023. "Declining Business Dynamism in Europe: The Role of Shocks, Market Power, and Technology," Jena Economics Research Papers 2023-011, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    8. Benjamin Pugsley & Sebastian Dyrda, 2017. "Taxes, Regulations of Businesses and Evolution of Income Inequality in the US," 2017 Meeting Papers 1463, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    9. Ursel Baumann & Melina Vasardani, 2016. "The slowdown in US productivity growth - what explains it and will it persist?," Working Papers 215, Bank of Greece.
    10. zhang, Tao, 2022. "Entrepreneurial openness, creativity, and firm growth," OSF Preprints mr963, Center for Open Science.
    11. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2022. "Entrepreneurial openness, creativity, and firm growth," OSF Preprints wheqn, Center for Open Science.
    12. Francesco Bripi & Raffaello Bronzini & Elena Gentili & Andrea Linarello & Elisa Scarinzi, 2022. "Structural change and firm dynamics in the south of Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 676, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    13. Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Truger, Achim & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Den Strukturwandel meistern. Jahresgutachten 2019/20 [Dealing with Structural Change. Annual Report 2019/20]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201920.
    14. Murmann, Martin, 2017. "The Growth and Human Capital Structure of New Firms over the Business Cycle," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168290, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    structural transformation; employment dynamics; sectoral reallocation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - General
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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