Congestion and cascades in payment systems

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Congestion and cascades in payment systems

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Walter E. Beyeler
Robert J. Glass
Morten L. Bech
Kimmo Soramaki

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Abstract

We develop a parsimonious model of the interbank payment system to study congestion and the role of liquidity markets in alleviating congestion. The model incorporates an endogenous instruction arrival process, scale-free topology of payments between banks, fixed total liquidity that limits banks' capacity to process arriving instructions, and a global market that distributes liquidity. We find that at low liquidity, the system becomes congested and payment settlement loses correlation with payment instruction arrival, becoming coupled across the network. The onset of congestion is evidently related to the relative values of three characteristic times: the time for banks' net position to return to zero, the time for banks to exhaust their liquidity endowments, and the liquidity market relaxation time. In the congested regime, settlement takes place in cascades having a characteristic size. A global liquidity market substantially diminishes congestion, requiring only a small fraction of the payment-induced liquidity flow to achieve strong beneficial effects.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of New York in its series Staff Reports with number 259.

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Date of creation: 2006
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:259

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

NEP-ALL-2006-10-14 (All new papers)
NEP-BAN-2006-10-14 (Banking)
NEP-FMK-2006-10-14 (Financial Markets)
NEP-NET-2006-10-14 (Network Economics)

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

Bech, Morten L. & Garratt, Rod, 2003. "The intraday liquidity management game," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 198-219, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
- Morten Bech & Rod Garratt, 2001. "The Intraday Liquidity Management Game," University of California at Santa Barbara, Economics Working Paper Series 18-01, Department of Economics, UC Santa Barbara. [Downloadable!]
James J. McAndrews & Simon M. Potter, 2002. "Liquidity effects of the events of September 11, 2001," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue Nov, pages 59-79. [Downloadable!]
Kimmo Soramaki & Morten L. Bech & Jeffrey Arnold & Robert J. Glass & Walter Beyeler, 2006. "The topology of interbank payment flows," Staff Reports 243, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
Adrian Dragulescu & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2000. "Statistical mechanics of money," Quantitative Finance Papers cond-mat/0001432, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2000. [Downloadable!]

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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

Huberto M. Ennis & John A. Weinberg, 2007. "Interest on reserves and daylight credit," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, issue Spr, pages 111-142. [Downloadable!]
Olivier Armantier & Jeffrey Arnold & James McAndrews, 2008. "Changes in the timing distribution of Fedwire funds transfers," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue Sep, pages 83-112. [Downloadable!]

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This page was last updated on 2009-11-18.

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