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The role of money in a business cycle model

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Author Info
Finn E. Kydland

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Abstract

Two mechanisms are considered through which money can play a role in a real business cycle model. One is in the form of aggregate price surprises when there is heterogeneity across individuals or groups of individuals (“islands”). These shocks affect the accuracy of information about real compensation that can be extracted from observed wage rates. Another, perhaps complementary, mechanism is that the amount of desired liquidity services varies over the cycle due to a trade-off between real money and leisure. This mechanism leads to price fluctuations even when the nominal money stock does not fluctuate. As is the case for the U.S. economy over the postwar period, the price level is then countercyclical. A key finding is that with neither mechanism do nominal shocks account for more than a small amount of variability in real output and in hours worked. Indeed, output variability may very well be lower the larger the variance of price surprises is.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis in its series Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics with number 23.

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Date of creation: 1989
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedmem:23

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Keywords: Business cycles ; Money;

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  1. William T. Gavin & Finn E. Kydland, 1999. "Endogenous Money Supply and the Business Cycle," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(2), pages 347-369, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Finn E. Kydland & Edward C. Prescott, 1994. "The computational experiment: an econometric tool," Staff Report 178, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Stuart J. Fowler, 2005. "Income Inequality, Monetary Policy, and the Business Cycle," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 184, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  4. David Altig & Charles T. Carlstrom, 1991. "Inflation, personal taxes, and real output: a dynamic analysis," Working Paper 9102, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Beth Ingram & Eric M. Leeper, 1990. "Post econometric policy evaluation: a critique," International Finance Discussion Papers 393, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
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  6. Olivier Jeanne, 1997. "Generating Real Persistent Effects of Monetary Shocks: How Much Nominal Rigidity Do We Really Need?," NBER Working Papers 6258, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Alberto Giovannini & Pamela Labadie, 1989. "Asset Prices and Interest Rates in Cash-In-Advance Models," NBER Working Papers 3109, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Martin Eichenbaum & Lawrence J. Christiano, 1992. "Liquidity Effects, Monetary Policy, and the Business Cycle," NBER Working Papers 4129, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Mark A. Wynne, 1995. "Sticky prices: what is the evidence?," Economic and Financial Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Q I, pages 1-12. [Downloadable!]
  10. Jang-Ok Cho & Louis Phaneuf, 1993. "A business cycle model with nominal wage contracts and government," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 80, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Cooley, Thomas F. & Hansen, Gary D., 1997. "Unanticipated Money," Economics Series 42, Institute for Advanced Studies. [Downloadable!]
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