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Toxic exposure in America: estimating fetal and infant health outcomes

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Author Info
Nikhil Agarwal
Chanont Banternghansa
Linda T.M. Bui
Abstract

We examine the effect of toxic exposure on U.S. infant and fetal mortality rates between 1989 and 2002 from toxic pollution released by facilities reporting to the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Unlike previous studies, we control for toxic pollution from mobile sources and from non-TRI reporting facilities. We find significant adverse effects of TRI exposure on infant mortality. There is evidence that health effects vary across media: air and water having a larger impact than land pollution. And, within air, we find that releases of carcinogens are particularly problematic for infant health outcomes. We estimate that the average county-level decreases in TRI concentrations between 1988 and 2002 saved in excess of 13,800 infant lives.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in its series Working Papers with number 2009-016.

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Date of creation: 2009
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2009-016

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Keywords: Newborn infants - Mortality ; Public welfare;

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Dean R. Hyslop & Guido W. Imbens, 2000. "Bias from Classical and Other Forms of Measurement Error," NBER Technical Working Papers 0257, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Orley Ashenfelter & Michael Greenstone, 2004. "Using Mandated Speed Limits to Measure the Value of a Statistical Life," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(S1), pages S226-S267, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Kahn, Matthew E., 2004. "Domestic pollution havens: evidence from cancer deaths in border counties," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 51-69, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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This page was last updated on 2009-11-27.

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