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Inter-temporal differences in the income elasticity of demand for lottery tickets

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Author Info
Thomas A. Garrett
Cletus C. Coughlin

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Abstract

We estimate annual income elasticities of demand for lottery tickets using roughly twenty years of county-level data for three states. We find that the income elasticity of demand (and thus the tax burden) for lottery tickets has changed over time. We argue that these changes are due to changes in a state's lottery game portfolio and the growth in consumer income. Trends in the income elasticity of demand for instant and online lottery games appear to be different. Our results question the long-term growth potential of lottery revenue and have policy implications for state governments and those concerned about regressivity.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in its series Working Papers with number 2007-042.

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Date of creation: 2007
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2007-042

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Keywords: Gambling industry ; Income;

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  1. Cook, Philip J & Clotfelter, Charles T, 1993. "The Peculiar Scale Economies of Lotto," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(3), pages 634-43, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Scott, Frank & Garen, John, 1994. "Probability of purchase, amount of purchase, and the demographic incidence of the lottery tax," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 121-143, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Garrett, Thomas A. & Marsh, Thomas L., 2002. "The revenue impacts of cross-border lottery shopping in the presence of spatial autocorrelation," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 501-519, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Garrett, Thomas A. & Sobel, Russell S., 1999. "Gamblers favor skewness, not risk: Further evidence from United States' lottery games," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 85-90, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Quiggin, John, 1991. "On the Optimal Design of Lotteries," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 58(229), pages 1-16, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Farrell, Lisa & Morgenroth, Edgar & Walker, Ian, 1999. " A Time Series Analysis of U.K. Lottery Sales: Long and Short Run Price Elasticities," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(4), pages 513-26, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Cletus C. Coughlin & Thomas A. Garrett & Rubén Hernández-Murillo, 2006. "The geography, economics, and politics of lottery adoption," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue May, pages 165-180. [Downloadable!]
  8. Kearney, Melissa Schettini, 2005. "State lotteries and consumer behavior," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(11-12), pages 2269-2299, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Olney, Martha L., 1990. "Demand for consumer durable goods in 20th century America," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 322-349, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Lo, Melody & Sawyer, W. Charles & Sprinkle, Richard L., 2007. "The link between economic development and the income elasticity of import demand," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 133-140. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Cletus C. Coughlin & Thomas A. Garrett, 2008. "Income and lottery sales: transfers trump income from work and wealth," Working Papers 2008-004, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [Downloadable!]
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