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Reaching the Hard to Reach with Intermediaries: The Kansas City Fed’s LMI Survey

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  • Kelly D. Edmiston

Abstract

Reaching hard-to-reach individuals is a common problem in survey research. The low- and moderate-income (LMI) population, for example, is generally hard to reach. The Kansas City Fed?s Low- and Moderate-Income Survey addresses this problem by sampling a database of organizations to serve as proxies for the LMI population. In this paper, I describe why the LMI population can be hard to reach. I then explore potential problems with using a nonrandom survey sample and address the empirical validity of the Kansas City Fed?s LMI Survey. I compare results from the survey using the standard sample to results from the survey using a random sample. I find that the results of the surveys using the standard and random samples are not significantly different and conclude that the use of a nonrandom sample is not a significant problem for the LMI Survey. I find that the series of responses from the LMI Survey are correlated with the things they should be correlated with, suggesting that the survey is empirically valid and does a good job of measuring economic conditions in LMI communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelly D. Edmiston, 2018. "Reaching the Hard to Reach with Intermediaries: The Kansas City Fed’s LMI Survey," Research Working Paper RWP 18-6, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedkrw:rwp18-06
    DOI: 10.18651/RWP2018-06
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    File URL: https://www.kansascityfed.org/documents/4032/pdf-Reaching%20the%20Hard%20to%20Reach%20with%20Intermediaries:%20The%20Kansas%20City%20Fed%E2%80%99s%20LMI%20Survey.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Kansas City Fed Low and Moderate Income Survey; Hard to reach; Polls; Empirical validity; Nonrandom;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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