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The U.S. demographic transition

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Author Info
Jeremy Greenwood
Ananth Seshadri

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Abstract

Between 1800 and 1940, the United States went through a dramatic demographic transition. In 1800, the average woman had seven children, and 94 percent of the population lived in rural areas. By 1940, the average woman birthed just two kids, and only 43 percent of the populace lived in the country. The question is: What accounted for this shift in the demographic landscape? The answer given here is that technological progress in agriculture and manufacturing explains these facts.

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File URL: http://www.clevelandfed.org/research/workpaper/2001/wp0118.pdf
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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland in its series Working Paper with number 0118.

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Length: 1-16
Date of creation: 2001
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcwp:0118

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Gary S. Becker & Robert J. Barro, 1988. "A Reformulation of the Economic Theory of Fertility," NBER Working Papers 1793, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Laitner, John, 2000. "Structural Change and Economic Growth," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 67(3), pages 545-61, July.
  3. Oded Galor & David N. Weil, 2000. "Population, Technology, and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(4), pages 806-828, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Echevarria, Cristina, 1997. "Changes in Sectoral Composition Associated with Economic Growth," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 38(2), pages 431-52, May.
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Matthias Doepke, . "Growth Takeoffs," UCLA Economics Online Papers 409, UCLA Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Galindev, Ragchaasuren, 2008. "The Evolution of Population, Technology and Output," MPRA Paper 7281, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 22 Aug 2009. [Downloadable!]
  3. Elizabeth M. Caucutt & Thomas F. Cooley & Nezih Guner, 2007. "The Farm, the City, and the Emergence of Social Security," NBER Working Papers 12854, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Matthew J. Baker & Joyce P. Jacobsen, 2005. "Marriage, Specialization, and the Gender Division of Labor," Wesleyan Economics Working Papers 2005-001, Wesleyan University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Guillaume Vandenbroucke, 2008. "The American Frontier: Technology versus Immigration," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 11(2), pages 283-301, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Larry E. Jones & Alice Schoonbroodt, 2007. "Complements versus Substitutes and Trends in Fertility Choice in Dynastic Models," NBER Working Papers 13680, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Alex Mourmouras & Peter Rangazas, 2009. "Reconciling Kuznets and Habbakuk in a unified growth theory," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 149-181, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Peter Rangazas & Alex Mourmouras, 2007. "Wage Gaps and Development: Lessons from U.S. History," IMF Working Papers 07/105, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  9. Guillaume Vandenbroucke, 2004. "The American Frontier : A Hundred Years of Western Settlement," Economie d'Avant Garde Research Reports 7, Economie d'Avant Garde. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Holger Strulik, 2002. "Child Mortality, Child Labour, and Economic Development," Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers 20205, Hamburg University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Arthur J. Robson, 2007. "A "Bioeconomic" View of the Neolithic and Recent Demographic Transitions," Discussion Papers dp07-02, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University. [Downloadable!]
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