In the Kyoto Protocol carbon sinks became a tool for releasing the economic burden of achieving the emission target. For Finland, credits from carbon sinks might be important since the amount of carbon sequestered in total forest area has been large relative to total emissions. It was agreed in Bonn, however, that only part of the sinks resulting from forest management is allowed to be credited. Here we use the multi-region computable general equilibrium model GTAP-E to analyse (i) which countries benefit from carbon sinks, (ii) how benefits are distributed within the economy, (iii) whether carbon sinks reduce the economic burden for Finland as such and relative to other countries and (iv) what is the economic importance of the larger sinks allowed for Japan and Canada, both for themselves and for other countries. For Finland, where the costs of achieving the emission target were already originally high, the inclusion of credited forest carbon sinks provides only a slight release from economic burden in the first commitment period. The credited carbon sink decrease the necessary emission reduction only slightly because the amount to be credited in the first commitment period is low, and a part of that is used to compensate the source of carbon under Article 3.3. New Zealand gains most from the inclusion of sinks; but Sweden, Canada and Japan also benefit considerably. Of these countries, only Canada has high costs without sinks. Thus credited sinks only partly reduce the difference in economic burden of achieving the Kyoto target among countries. Even though country-specific sinks clearly benefit Canada and Japan, their effect on other countries, either on the economywide or on the sectoral level, remains marginal. For example, paper and pulp industry in Finland does not seem to lose competitiveness. Sectors that are fossil fuel intensive, like the iron and steel or the chemical industry, benefit from the inclusion of sinks while the other sectors, like machinery, may suffer.
Download Info
To download:
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the
proper application to
view it first. Information about this may be contained
in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read
the IDEAS help
file. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS
site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Publisher Info
Paper provided by Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT) in its series VATT Discussion Papers with number
291.
Find related papers by JEL classification: Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods and Programming - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models O50 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - General F00 - International Economics - - General - - - General O30 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - General
References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
Did you know? You can import bibliographic info in various formats into you bibliographic tool, or just into your word processor. See under "publisher info" on each abstract page.