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Demographic Changes and Structural Shifts Towards Services, Implications for Productivity Growth in Canada

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  • Jeanne Lafortune

Abstract

The relative size of services industries has increased in most industrialized countries in recent decades. In Canada, the value-added share of services in the economy has increased from about 55 per cent in the early 1960s to more than 70 per cent in the 1990s. Studies suggest that this reflects larger income elasticity for most services than for goods. Therefore, the relative size of the services sector will likely continue to grow in industrialized economies as real income increases. This trend towards services will probably be compounded by population ageing in industries such as health services. While productivity growth has improved in some services industries since the mid 1990s in some industrialized countries, including Canada, this is likely to exert a downward pressure on the aggregate productivity performance because productivity (level and growth) remains low in many services sectors. The objective of this study is to assess the potential impact of these likely trends towards services on labour productivity growth in Canada. We find that shifts in consumption patterns arising from ageing could reduce Canada’s labour productivity growth up to 2030 by less than 0.05 percentage points per year on average. This limited impact is mainly explained by the fact that the increased share of a low productivity service industry—health services—is to a large extent offset by the reduced share of another low productivity services industry—education. The negative impact on productivity is much larger when we assume that the historical trends towards services industries will continue, albeit at a lower pace, in the next decades. This would reduce aggregate annual productivity growth by about 0.15 percentage points up to 2015 and 0.25 percentage points between 2015 and 2030. La taille relative du secteur des services a augmenté dans la plupart des économies industrialisées au cours des dernières décennies. Au Canada, la part de la valeur ajoutée totale associée au secteur des services est passée de 55 pour cent au début des années 60 à 70 pour cent au cours des années 90. Certaines études suggèrent que cette tendance reflète une plus grande elasticité par rapport au revenu pour la plupart des services que des biens. Donc, la taille relative de ce secteur devrait continuer à augmenter au sein des pays industrialisés si le revenu réel continue à augmenter également. Cette tendance vers les services deviendra probablement encore plus importante sous l’influence du vieillissement de la population, en particulier pour certains services tels que les soins de la santé. Bien que la croissance de la productivité de certaines industries de services se soit améliorée depuis le milieu des années 90 dans certaines économies industrialisées, incluant le Canada, cette tendance vers les services devrait exercer une influence négative sur la productivité agrégée puisque la productivité (en termes de niveaux et de taux de croissance) demeure faible dans plusieurs secteurs des services. L’objectif de cette étude est d’estimer l’impact potentiel de ces tendances vers les services sur la croissance de la productivité au Canada. Nous concluons que les changements dans la demande provenant du vieillissement de la population pourraient réduire la croissance de la productivité au Canada jusqu’en 2030 de moins de 0,05 points de pourcentage par année. Cet impact limité est principalement dû au fait que la plus grande importance d’une industrie des services à faible productivité, les soins de santé, est en grande partie contrebalancé par la part plus petite qu’occupera un autre secteur à faible productivité, l’éducation. L’impact négatif sur la productivité est beaucoup plus important si la tendance historique vers le secteur des services se poursuit au cours des prochaines décennies. Ceci réduirait la croissance annuelle de la productivité agrégée par environ 0.15 point de pourcentage jusqu’en 2015 puis de 0.25 point de pourcentage de 2015 à 2030.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeanne Lafortune, "undated". "Demographic Changes and Structural Shifts Towards Services, Implications for Productivity Growth in Canada," Working Papers-Department of Finance Canada 2005-01, Department of Finance Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:fca:wpfnca:2005-01
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