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Why Has the Border Effect in the Japanese Market Declined? The Role of Business Networks in East Asia

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  • Kyoji Fukao
  • Toshihiro Okubo

Abstract

This paper analyzes the causes of the decline in Japan's border effect by estimating gravity equations for Japan's international and interregional trade in four machinery industries (electrical, general, precision, and transportation machinery). In the estimation, we explicitly take account of firms' networks. We find that ownership relations usually enhance trade between two regions (countries), and also find that we can explain 35% of the decline in Japan's border effect from 1980 to 1995 in the electrical machinery industry by the increase of international networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyoji Fukao & Toshihiro Okubo, 2004. "Why Has the Border Effect in the Japanese Market Declined? The Role of Business Networks in East Asia," Discussion papers 04016, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:04016
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    1. Okubo, Toshihiro, 2004. "The border effect in the Japanese market: A Gravity Model analysis," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 1-11, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Toshihiro Okubo, 2006. "Trade Bloc Formation in Interwar Japan --Gravity Model Analysis-- (forthcoming in Journal of the Japanese and International Economies)," IHEID Working Papers 03-2006, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    2. Marta Santamaría & Jaume Ventura & Uğur Yeşilbayraktar, 2020. "Borders within Europe," Economics Working Papers 1763, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Feb 2024.
    3. Santamaria, Marta & Ventura, Jaume & Yesilbayraktar, Ugur, 2021. "Borders within Europe," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 560, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    4. Miren Lafourcade & Elisenda Paluzie Hernandez, 2005. "European Integration, FDI and the Internal Geography of Trade: Evidence from Western European Border Regions," Working Papers in Economics 145, Universitat de Barcelona. Espai de Recerca en Economia.
    5. Busakorn Chantasasawat & K. C. Fung & Hitomi Iizaka & Alan Siu, 2010. "FDI Flows to Latin America, East and Southeast Asia, and China: Substitutes or Complements?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(s1), pages 533-546, August.
    6. Marta Santamaría & Jaume Ventura & Ugur Yesilbayraktar, 2020. "Borders within Europe," Working Papers 1229, Barcelona School of Economics.
    7. Hitoshi Sasaki & Yuko Koga, 2005. "Trade Patterns in Japan's Machinery Sector," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 05-E-15, Bank of Japan.
    8. Santamaría, Marta & Ventura, Jaume & Yesilbayraktar, Ugur, 2021. "Borders within Europe," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1355, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    9. Toshihiro Okubo, 2007. "Intra‐industry Trade, Reconsidered: The Role of Technology Transfer and Foreign Direct Investment," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(12), pages 1855-1876, December.
    10. Ventura, Jaume & Santamaria, Marta & YeÅŸilbayraktar, UÄŸur, 2021. "Borders within Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 15633, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation

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