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From Ascription to Achievement? Origins, Education and Entry to the Labour Force in the Republic of Ireland during the Twentieth Century. Published in Acta Sociologica, Vol 36 No 1

Author

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  • Richard Breen

    (The Queen's University Belfast)

  • Christopher T. Whelan

    (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI))

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between class of origin, educational attainment, and class of entry to the labour force, in three cohorts of men in the Republic of Ireland using data collected in 1987. The three cohorts comprise men born (i) before 1936; (ii) between 1936 and 1949; and (iii) between 1950 and 1962. The paper assesses the degree of change over the three cohorts In respects of a (a) the gross relationship between origins and the entry class; (b) the partial effect (controlling for education) of origin class on entry class; (c) the partial effect of education (controlling for origins) on class of entry. In broad terms the liberal theory of industrialism would imply a movement, over the three cohorts, towards (a) increasing social fluidity; (b) a weakening of the partial effect of origin class; (c) a strengthening of the partial effect of education. These latter two trends should be particularly noticeable in the youngest cohort, which would, to some degree, have benefited from the introduction of free post-primary education in Ireland in 1967. Our results provide almost no support for these hypotheses. We find that patterns of social fluidity in the origin/entry relationship remain unchanged over the cohorts. The partial effect of class remains relatively constant; and, while the partial effect of education on entry class changes over the cohorts, the most striking result in this area is the declining returns to higher levels of education. While the average level of educational attainment increased over the three cohorts, the advantages accruing to the possession of higher levels of education simultaneously diminished. Taken together our results suggest that, in Ireland, those classes, which have historically enjoyed advantages in access to more desirable entry positions in the labour market, have been remarkably adept at retaining their advantages during the course of industrialization and through the various educational and other labour market changes that have accompanied this process.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Breen & Christopher T. Whelan, 1992. "From Ascription to Achievement? Origins, Education and Entry to the Labour Force in the Republic of Ireland during the Twentieth Century. Published in Acta Sociologica, Vol 36 No 1," Papers WP039, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp039
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    File URL: https://www.esri.ie/pubs/WP039.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Breen, Richard, 1991. "Education, Employment And Training In The Youth Labour Market," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number GRS152, June.
    2. National Economic and Social Council & Gerry Sexton & Damian Hannan & Brendan M. Walsh & Dorren McMahon, 1991. "The economic and social implications of emigration," Open Access publications 10197/1559, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    3. Whelan, Christopher T. & Whelan, Brendan J., 1984. "Social Mobility in the Republic of Ireland: A Comparative Perspective," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number GRS116, June.
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    1. Christopher T. Whelan, 1994. "In Search of the Underclass: Marginalization, Poverty and Fatalism in the Republic of Ireland. Published as 'Marginalization, Deprivation and Fatalism in the Republic of Ireland: Class and Underclass ," Papers WP051, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    2. Richard Layte & Christopher T. Whelan, 1999. "Class Transformation, Qualification Inflation and the Persistence of Class: Trends in Social Fluidity in the Republic of Ireland 1973 to 1994," Papers WP123, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).

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