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Opportunity Spin-offs and Necessity Spin-offs

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Author Info
G. Bünstorf ()

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Abstract

Necessity spin-offs are organized by employees of incumbent firms to escape deteriorating job conditions. This paper proposes a conceptual model of the spin-off process. Necessity spin-offs are distinguished from opportunity spin-offs on the basis of their triggering events. An empirical analysis of German laser spin-offs traces differences in the performance and determinants of the two types of spin-offs. Necessity spin-offs are important to limit the devaluation of individual competences by the market process. They are particularly relevant in growth crises of innovative firms, and in the restructuring of economies with protected or state-owned companies.

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Paper provided by Max Planck Institute of Economics, Evolutionary Economics Group in its series Papers on Econonmics and Evolution with number 2007-18.

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Date of creation: Dec 2007
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Handle: RePEc:esi:evopap:2007-18

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Related research
Keywords: Spin-offs necessity entrepreneurship opportunity discovery market process laser industry Length 32 pages

Find related papers by JEL classification:
L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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  1. Guido Buenstorf, 2007. "Evolution on the Shoulders of Giants: Entrepreneurship and Firm Survival in the German Laser Industry," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 179-202, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. G. Buenstorf & D. Fornahl, 2006. "B2C - Bubble to Cluster: The Dot.com Boom, Spin-off Entrepreneurship, and Regional Industry Evolution," Papers on Econonmics and Evolution 2006-20, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Evolutionary Economics Group. [Downloadable!]
  3. Witt, Ulrich, 1998. "Imagination and leadership - The neglected dimension of an evolutionary theory of the firm," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 161-177, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Block, Joern & Wagner, Marcus, 2006. "Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Germany: Characteristics and Earnings Differentials," MPRA Paper 610, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  5. Chesbrough, Henry, 2003. "The governance and performance of Xerox's technology spin-off companies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 403-421, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Guido Buenstorf, 2007. "Creation and Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An Evolutionary Economics Perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 323-337, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Cantner, Uwe & Graf, Holger, 2006. "The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 463-480, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Michael D. Cohen, 2006. "What's different is routine," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(2), pages 387-390, April.
  9. Anton, James J & Yao, Dennis A, 1995. "Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 11(2), pages 362-78, October.
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