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La Croissance Economique Est-T-Elle Pro Pauvre au Maroc ? Une Tentative D’explication par L’approche Monétaire et L’approche Non Monétaire

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  • Abdelkader Elkhider

    (Faculté de Droit de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech)

  • Abdelhamid El Bouhadi
  • El Mustapha Kchirid

Abstract

Ce travail a pour but d’appréhender le phénomène de la pauvreté au Maroc en s’interrogant avec force sur l’évaluation et l’analyse de la croissance économique sur les plus pauvres à travers, le calcul des indices de pauvreté type FGT, la décomposition de la variation du niveau de pauvreté en facteur revenu et en facteur inégalités, la construction d’un indice de croissance pro-pauvres et des courbes d’incidences de la croissance. Deux approches alternatives ont été adoptées pour évaluer et analyser la croissance pro-pauvre au Maroc. Il s’agit, d’une part, de l’approche monétaire unidimensionnelle basée sur la dépense annuelle de consommation par personne des enquêtes des ménages au Maroc de 1985 à 2004. D’autre part, il s’agit de l’approche multidimensionnelle basée sur des indicateurs primaires non monétaires des conditions de vie des ménages qui vont nous permettre de mesurer l’incidence de la pauvreté au Maroc de 1987 à 2004 en s’appuyant sur la construction d’un indice composite de bien-être (ICBE) pour la même période en adoptant la méthodologie statistique d’analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM). Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de l’approche monétaire confirment bien que l’incidence de pauvreté a augmenté entre 1990 et 1999 au Maroc, au niveau national et dans les milieux urbain et rural. En revanche, on a pu constater que la pauvreté au Maroc demeure principalement un phénomène rural et la situation des plus pauvres s’est détériorée à cause principalement des inégalités plus accentuées dans ce milieu. Par contre, les résultats obtenus par l’approche multidimensionnelle basée sur l’ICBE, ne concordent pas avec ceux obtenus avec l’approche monétaire. En termes de recommandations de politiques économiques, notamment, les stratégies de croissance pro-pauvres pour le développement économique au Maroc, en particulier dans les zones rurales, il nous parait nécessaire qu’une politique économique, accompagnée d’une politique sociale efficace visant prioritairement à cibler, de façon la plus adéquate, les plus pauvres est urgente. De même, une politique de lutte contre la pauvreté doit prendre en compte la différence entre les milieux, en donnant plus de moyens aux plus démunis des centres ruraux. Car ces derniers sont à l’origine de l’accentuation de la pauvreté en milieu urbain à cause notamment de l’exode rural et de l’abandon des terres.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdelkader Elkhider & Abdelhamid El Bouhadi & El Mustapha Kchirid, 2009. "La Croissance Economique Est-T-Elle Pro Pauvre au Maroc ? Une Tentative D’explication par L’approche Monétaire et L’approche Non Monétaire," Working Papers 481, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2009.
  • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:481
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    1. repec:dau:papers:123456789/1241 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Foster, James & Greer, Joel & Thorbecke, Erik, 1984. "A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 761-766, May.
    3. Ravallion, Martin & Chen, Shaohua, 2003. "Measuring pro-poor growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 93-99, January.
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    5. Son, Hyun Hwa, 2004. "A note on pro-poor growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 307-314, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abdelhamid EL BOUHADI & Abdelkader ELKHIDER & El Mustapha KCHIRID, 2012. "The Multidimensional Approach to Poverty Measurement: Case of Morocco," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(2).
    2. Abdelhamid EL BOUHADI & Abdelkader ELKHIDER & El Mustapha KCHIRID, 2010. "Can Economic Growth Be Pro-Poor In Morocco?. The No-Monetary Approach," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(2).

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