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Optimal rank-based testing for principal component

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  • Marc Hallin
  • Davy Paindaveine
  • Thomas Verdebout

Abstract

This paper provides parametric and rank-based optimal tests for eigenvectors and eigenvalues of covariance or scatter matrices in elliptical families. The parametric tests extend the Gaussian likelihood ratio tests of Anderson (1963) and their pseudo-Gaussian robustifications by Tyler (1981, 1983) and Davis (1977), with which their Gaussian versions are shown to coincide,symptotically, under Gaussian or finite fourth-order moment assumptions, respectively. Such assumptions however restrict the scope to covariance-based principal component analysis. The rank-based tests we are proposing remain valid without such assumptions. Hence, they address a much broader class of problems, where covariance matrices need not exist and principal components are associated with more general scatter matrices. Asymptotic relative efficiencies moreover show that those rank-based tests are quite powerful; when based on van der Waerden or normal scores, they even uniformly dominate the pseudo-Gaussian versions of Anderson’s procedures. The tests we are proposing thus outperform daily practice both from the point of view of validity as from the point of view of efficiency. The main methodological tool throughout is Le Cam’s theory of locally asymptotically normal experiments, in the nonstandard context, however, of a curved parametrization. The results we derive for curved experiments are of independent interest,and likely to apply in other setups.

Suggested Citation

  • Marc Hallin & Davy Paindaveine & Thomas Verdebout, 2009. "Optimal rank-based testing for principal component," Working Papers ECARES 2009_013, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  • Handle: RePEc:eca:wpaper:2009_013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marc Hallin & Madan Lal Puri, 1994. "Aligned rank tests for linear models with autocorrelated errors," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/2045, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Hallin Marc & Paindaveine Davy, 2006. "Parametric and semiparametric inference for shape: the role of the scale functional," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 24(3), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Hallin, Marc & Paindaveine, Davy, 2005. "Affine-invariant aligned rank tests for the multivariate general linear model with VARMA errors," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 122-163, March.
    4. Wilfrid Van Pelt & Jan Van Rijckevorsel, 1986. "Non‐linear principal component analysis of maximum expiratory flow‐volume curves," Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1‐2), pages 1-12.
    5. Kollo, T. & Neudecker, H., 1993. "Asymptotics of Eigenvalues and Unit-Length Eigenvectors of Sample Variance and Correlation Matrices," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 283-300, November.
    6. Salibian-Barrera, Matias & Van Aelst, Stefan & Willems, Gert, 2006. "Principal Components Analysis Based on Multivariate MM Estimators With Fast and Robust Bootstrap," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 101, pages 1198-1211, September.
    7. Marc Hallin & Bas Werker, 2003. "Semiparametric efficiency, distribution-freeness, and invariance," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/2119, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Yanagihara, Hirokazu & Tonda, Tetsuji & Matsumoto, Chieko, 2005. "The effects of nonnormality on asymptotic distributions of some likelihood ratio criteria for testing covariance structures under normal assumption," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 237-264, October.
    9. Paindaveine, Davy, 2006. "A Chernoff-Savage result for shape:On the non-admissibility of pseudo-Gaussian methods," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 2206-2220, November.
    10. Paindaveine, Davy, 2008. "A canonical definition of shape," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(14), pages 2240-2247, October.
    11. Hallin, Marc & Paindaveine, Davy, 2009. "Optimal tests for homogeneity of covariance, scale, and shape," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 422-444, March.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hallin, Marc & van den Akker, Ramon & Werker, Bas J.M., 2016. "Semiparametric error-correction models for cointegration with trends: Pseudo-Gaussian and optimal rank-based tests of the cointegration rank," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 190(1), pages 46-61.
    2. Hallin, M. & van den Akker, R. & Werker, B.J.M., 2012. "Rank-based Tests of the Cointegrating Rank in Semiparametric Error Correction Models," Other publications TiSEM bc68a2f2-3ca3-443c-b3ac-f, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. Marc Hallin & Davy Paindaveine & Thomas Verdebout, 2014. "Efficient R-Estimation of Principal and Common Principal Components," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(507), pages 1071-1083, September.
    4. Christophe Ley & Yvik Swan & Thomas Verdebout, 2017. "Efficient ANOVA for directional data," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 69(1), pages 39-62, February.
    5. Eustasio Del Barrio & Alberto Gonzalez-Sanz & Marc Hallin, 2019. "A Note on the Regularity of Center-Outward Distribution and Quantile Functions," Working Papers ECARES 2019-33, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    6. Hallin, M. & Werker, B.J.M. & van den Akker, R., 2015. "Optimal Pseudo-Gaussian and Rank-based Tests of the Cointegration Rank in Semiparametric Error-correction Models," Discussion Paper 2015-001, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    7. Davy Paindaveine & Julien Remy & Thomas Verdebout, 2019. "Sign Tests for Weak Principal Directions," Working Papers ECARES 2019-01, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Davy Paindaveine & Thomas Verdebout, 2011. "Rank Tests for Elliptical Graphical Modeling," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2011-039, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    9. Sladana Babic & Laetitia Gelbgras & Marc Hallin & Christophe Ley, 2019. "Optimal tests for elliptical symmetry: specified and unspecified location," Working Papers ECARES 2019-26, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    10. Davy Paindaveine & Julien Remy & Thomas Verdebout, 2017. "Testing for Principal Component Directions under Weak Identifiability," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2017-37, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    11. Davy Paindaveine & Thomas Verdebout, 2013. "Optimal Rank-Based Tests for the Location Parameter of a Rotationally Symmetric Distribution on the Hypersphere," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2013-36, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    12. Paindaveine, Davy & Rasoafaraniaina, Rondrotiana Joséa & Verdebout, Thomas, 2017. "Preliminary test estimation for multi-sample principal components," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 2(C), pages 106-116.
    13. Christophe Ley & Yvik Swan & Thomas Verdebout, 2013. "Efficient ANOVA for Directional Data," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2012-48, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    14. Marc Hallin & Davy Paindaveine & Thomas Verdebout, 2011. "Optimal Rank-Based Tests for Common Principal Components," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2011-032, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

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    Keywords

    Principal components; Tests for eigenvectors;

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