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Two Versions of the Tragedy of the Commons

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Author Info
Moulin, Herve
Watts, Alison

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Abstract

The commons are a one input-one output production process with increasing marginal cost. In the average return game, each agent chooses his input contribution and total output is shared in proportion to individual contributions. In the average cost game, each agent chooses his output share and total input cost is shared in proportion to individual demands. The tragedy is that the non cooperative equilibrium results in inefficient overutilisation of the technology. We prove formally the tragedy when preferences are convex and both goods are normal. This result has not bee proved previously on such a general preference domain. We also show that overutilisation is less severe in the average cost game than in the average return game.

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Paper provided by Duke University, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number 95-04.

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Date of creation: 1995
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Publication status: Published in ECONOMIC DESIGN, Vol. 2, 1997, pages 399-421
Handle: RePEc:duk:dukeec:95-04

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities
D70 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - General

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Moulin, Herve & Shenker, Scott, 1992. "Serial Cost Sharing," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(5), pages 1009-37, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Romano, Richard E., 1988. "Oligopolistic competition for market share via voluntary excess supply," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 447-468. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Kitch, Edmund W, 1977. "The Nature and Function of the Patent System," Journal of Law & Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 20(2), pages 265-90, October.
  4. Moulin Herve & Shenker Scott, 1994. "Average Cost Pricing versus Serial Cost Sharing: An Axiomatic Comparison," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 178-201, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Watts, Alison, 1996. "On the Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Cournot Oligopoly and Other Games," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 269-285, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Roemer, J.E., 1988. "On Public Ownership," Papers 317, California Davis - Institute of Governmental Affairs.
  7. Loury, Glenn C, 1979. "Market Structure and Innovation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 93(3), pages 395-410, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Martin Shubik, 1961. "Incentives, Decentralized Control, the Assignment of Joint Costs and Internal Pricing," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 112, Cowles Foundation, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Hervé Moulin, 2008. "The price of anarchy of serial, average and incremental cost sharing," Economic Theory, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 379-405, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Justin Leroux, 2006. "Profit sharing in unique Nash equilibrium: Characterization in the two-agent case," Cahiers de recherche 06-11, HEC Montréal, Institut d'économie appliquée. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Carlos Alós Ferrer & Ana B. Ania, 2002. "The Evolutionary Logic of Feeling Small," Vienna Economics Papers 0216, University of Vienna, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  4. Leroux, Justin, 2005. "Strategyproof Profit Sharing: A Two-Agent Characterization," Working Papers 2005-04, Rice University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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