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Towards a Network Description of Interbank Payment Flows

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Author Info
Marc Pröpper
Iman van Lelyveld
Ronald Heijmans

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Abstract

We present the application of network theory to the Dutch payment system with specific attention to systemic stability. The network nodes comprise of domestic banks, large international banks and TARGET countries, the links are established by payments between the nodes. Traditional measures (transactions, values) first show payments are relatively well behaved through time and that the system does not contain a group of significant structural net receivers or payers among the participant institutions. Structural circular flows do, however, exist in the system, most prominently a large circular net flow between TARGET countries. Analysis of the properties of prominent network measures over time shows that fast network development takes place in the early phase of network formation of about one hour and slower development afterwards. The payment network is small (in actual nodes and links), compact (in path length and eccentricity) and sparse (in connectivity) for all time periods. In the long run, a mere 12% of the possible number of interbank connections is ever used and banks are on average only 2 steps apart. Relations in the network tend to be reciprocal. Our results also indicate that the network is susceptible to directed attacks. In a final section we show that the recent ‘sub prime' turmoil in credit markets has not materially affected the network structure.

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Paper provided by Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department in its series DNB Working Papers with number 177.

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Date of creation: May 2008
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Handle: RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:177

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Related research
Keywords: network; topology; interbank; payment; systemic risk; financial stability;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Iman van Lelyveld & Franka Liedorp, 2004. "Interbank Contagion in the Dutch Banking Sector," DNB Working Papers 005, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Franklin Allen & Douglas Gale, 1998. "Financial Contagion Journal of Political Economy," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 98-31, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
  3. Simonetta Rosati & Stefania Secola, 2005. "Explaining cross-border large-value payment flows - evidence from TARGET and EURO 1 data," Working Paper Series 443, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  4. Kimmo Soramaki & Morten L. Bech & Jeffrey Arnold & Robert J. Glass & Walter Beyeler, 2006. "The topology of interbank payment flows," Staff Reports 243, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
  5. Sanjeev Goyal & Marco J. van der Leij & José Luis Moraga-Gonzalez, 2006. "Economics: An Emerging Small World," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 114(2), pages 403-432, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Elisabeth Ledrut, 2006. "A tale of the water-supplying plumber: intraday liquidity provision in payment systems," DNB Working Papers 099, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ágnes Lublóy, 2006. "Topology of the Hungarian large-value transfer system," MNB Occasional Papers 2006/57, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (The Central Bank of Hungary). [Downloadable!]
  8. Morten L. Bech & Rod Garratt, 2006. "Illiquidity in the interbank payment system following wide-scale disruptions," Staff Reports 239, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
  9. Marcello Pericoli & Massimo Sbracia, 2003. "A Primer on Financial Contagion," Journal of Economic Surveys, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 17(4), pages 571-608, 09. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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