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Escaneo de Políticas y Meta-Análisis: Juventud y Políticas de Empleo en América Latina (Policy scan and meta-analysis: Youth and Employment policies in Latin America)

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  • Evelyn Vezza

    (CEDLAS)

Abstract

Las iniciativas de empleo juvenil han adquirido protagonismo en el espacio de políticas al mostrarse adversos y persistentes los resultados obtenidos por los jóvenes en el mercado de trabajo. Los principales objetivos del documento son identificar los patrones de las iniciativas recientes en la región e identificar qué lecciones pueden ser aprendidas de ellas. Para lograr estos propósitos, el documento actualiza y sistematiza 65 iniciativas desarrolladas en 18 países de América Latina desde 2008 a la actualidad, y realiza una revisión de los hallazgos emergentes de las evaluaciones de impacto de 12 iniciativas, publicados en este período de referencia. Las políticas e instituciones sobre regulaciones laborales para trabajadores jóvenes han sido impulsadas con mayor frecuencia para superar las barreras de la demanda laboral para jóvenes, más allá de que los programas de políticas activas de mercado de trabajo han sido la respuesta más recurrente en el conjunto de iniciativas analizadas. Las iniciativas orientadas a la oferta laboral son las que tienen una mayor participación en el total de intervenciones, y la mayoría de los países ha desarrollado alguna iniciativa para la promoción de la iniciativa empresarial entre los jóvenes. En muchos países, los programas actualmente en funcionamiento son el resultado de nuevas ediciones y revisiones de programas preexistentes. Aunque la evidencia rigurosa sobre el desempeño de los programas es aún escasa, reside un potencial de aprendizaje en los puntos comunes resaltados en las nuevas evaluaciones y revisiones de políticas en el mundo. La efectividad de los programas sobre los resultados del mercado de trabajo parecen encontrarse más correlacionada a la focalización y cómo la intervención fue implementada que al tipo de intervención. Las iniciativas integrales, que combinan diferentes intervenciones también muestran un mejor desempeño que los programas que desarrollan un único componente. Sin embargo, debido a que la principal lección aprendida en la experiencia internacional es que los efectos de las intervenciones dependen mayormente de variables específicas a cada país, se necesitan mayores esfuerzos de investigación para evaluar las intervenciones en sus específicos contextos de país. (Youth employment initiatives have become protagonists in the policy space, as the adverse outcomes faced by youth in the labour market remain persistent. The main aims of this document are to identify the recent patterns associated to these youth initiatives in the region and to identify lessons that can be learnt from them. In order to achieve these purposes, it updates and systematizes 65 initiatives that have been implemented in 18 Latin American countries from 2008 up to date, and reviews the findings of 12 initiatives with impact evaluations that have been published during this period. Despite the active labour market programmes have appeared as the more recurrent response in the set of initiatives to handle the youth employment problems, labour market regulations have been more frequent to address labour demand barriers for youth recently. Supply-oriented initiatives account for the highest share of interventions, and most countries have developed initiatives to fostering youth entrepreneurship. The programmes in place in many countries are the result of combining earlier with newer initiatives. Although rigorous evidence is still scarce, some learning potential lies on the common features between the impact evaluations that took place during 2008-13 in the region and the worldwide reviews. The programmes effectiveness on labour market outcomes seem to be more correlated to targeting and how the intervention is delivered than to the type of intervention. Comprehensive initiatives that combine different interventions also work better than programmes that rely on a single component. However, the main lesson learned in international experience is that interventions effects depend mostly on country-specific variables and therefore further research efforts are needed in assessing the interventions in their own specific country contexts.)

Suggested Citation

  • Evelyn Vezza, 2014. "Escaneo de Políticas y Meta-Análisis: Juventud y Políticas de Empleo en América Latina (Policy scan and meta-analysis: Youth and Employment policies in Latin America)," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0156, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0156
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    References listed on IDEAS

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