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Measuring Externalities in Program Evaluation

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Author Info
Wendy Janssens () (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

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Abstract

Impact evaluations of development programmes usually focus on a comparison of participants with a control group. However, if the programme generates externalities for non-participants such an approach will capture only part of the programme’s impact. Based on a unique large-scale quantitative survey we estimate the direct as well as the spillover effects of a women’s empowerment programme in rural India on child immunization and school enrolment. The survey covers both participants and non-participants living in programme villages, as well as respondents in control villages where the programme is not yet active. We account for participation selection bias using instrumental variables. The control villages allow us to test the exclusion restriction and provide us with an effective control group to analyze programme impact. We find both direct effects and significant spillovers on non-participants. The impact of interventions might be substantially underestimated if such external effects were not taken into account.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Tinbergen Institute in its series Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers with number 05-017/2.

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Date of creation: 07 Feb 2005
Date of revision: 30 Mar 2006
Handle: RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20050017

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Related research
Keywords: program evaluation; externalities; education; immunization; India; women's empowerment;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Production
I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
O12 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Social Norms and Social Capital; Social Networks Economic Anthropology
C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

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