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Black Scholes for Portfolios of Options in Discrete Time: the Price is Right, the Hedge is wrong

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Author Info
Bas Peeters () (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
Cees L. Dert () (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
André Lucas () (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

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Abstract

Taking a portfolio perspective on option pricing and hedging, we show that within the standard Black-Scholes-Merton framework large portfolios of options can be hedged without risk in discrete time. The nature of the hedge portfolio in the limit of large portfolio size is substantially different from the standard continuous time delta-hedge. The underlying values of the options in our framework are driven by systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors. Instead of linearly (delta) hedging the total risk of each option separately, the correct hedge portfolio in discrete time eliminates linear (delta) as well as second (gamma) and higher order exposures to the systematic risk factor only. The idiosyncratic risk is not hedged, but diversified. Our result shows that preference free valuation of option portfolios using linear assets only is applicable in discrete time as well. The price paid for this result is that the number of securities in the portfolio has to grow indefinitely. This ties the literature on option pricing and hedging closer together with the APT literature in its focus on systematic risk factors. For portfolios of finite size, the optimal hedge strategy makes a trade-off between hedging linear idiosyncratic and higher order systematic risk.

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Paper provided by Tinbergen Institute in its series Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers with number 03-090/2.

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Date of creation: 11 Oct 2003
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Handle: RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20030090

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Related research
Keywords: Option Hedging; Discrete Time; Portfolio Approach; Preference Free Valuation; Hedging Errors; Arbitrage Pricing Theory;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

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  11. Boyle, Phelim P & Vorst, Ton, 1992. " Option Replication in Discrete Time with Transaction Costs," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(1), pages 271-93, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Ross, Stephen A., 1976. "The arbitrage theory of capital asset pricing," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 341-360, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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