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Congestion Modelling

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Author Info
C. Robin Lindsey (University of Alberta)
Erik T. Verhoef () (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

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Abstract

Transportation researchers have long struggled to find satisfactory ways of describing and analysing traffic congestion, as evident from the large number of often competing approaches and models that have been developed. This paper aims to provide a review of the literature on this topic. The paper starts with the modelling of homogeneous traffic flow and congestion on an isolated road under stationary conditions. We set up the supply-demand framework used to characterize equilibrium and optimal travel volumes. Next, an overview of macroscopic and microscopic models of nonstationary traffic flow is given. We then describe how trip timing can be modelled, and discuss the essence of dynamic equilibrium. The paper next reviews the principles of static and dynamic equilibrium on a road network in a deterministic environment, and then identifies equilibrium concepts that account for stochasticity in demand and capacity. Finally, conceptual and practical issues regarding congestion pricing and investment on a network will be addressed.

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Paper provided by Tinbergen Institute in its series Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers with number 99-091/3.

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Date of creation: 18 Nov 1999
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Handle: RePEc:dgr:uvatin:19990091

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Hazelton, Martin L., 1998. "Some Remarks on Stochastic User Equilibrium," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 101-108, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. C. Robin Lindsey & Erik T. Verhoef, 2000. "Traffic Congestion and Congestion Pricing," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 00-101/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
  3. Richard Arnott & Marvin Kraus, 1995. "Self-Financing of Congestible Facilities in a Growing Economy," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 304., Boston College Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  4. Arnott, Richard & de Palma, Andre & Lindsey, Robin, 1993. "A Structural Model of Peak-Period Congestion: A Traffic Bottleneck with Elastic Demand," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(1), pages 161-79, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Cassidy, Michael J. & Bertini, Robert L., 1999. "Some traffic features at freeway bottlenecks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 25-42, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Arnott, R. & De Palma, A. & Lindseyt, R., 1995. "Recent Developments in the Bottleneck Model," Papers 9523, Paris X - Nanterre, U.F.R. de Sc. Ec. Gest. Maths Infor..
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  7. Vickrey, William S, 1969. "Congestion Theory and Transport Investment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(2), pages 251-60, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Small, K.A. & Chu, X., 1997. "Hypercongestion," Papers 97-98-12, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences.
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  9. Daganzo, C. F. & Cassidy, M. J. & Bertini, R. L., 1999. "Possible explanations of phase transitions in highway traffic," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 365-379, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Small, K.A. & Gomez-Ibanez, J.A., 1996. "Urban Transportation," Papers 95-96-4, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences.
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  11. Small, Kenneth A, 1982. "The Scheduling of Consumer Activities: Work Trips," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(3), pages 467-79, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Wie, Byung-Wook & Tobin, Roger L., 1998. "Dynamic congestion pricing models for general traffic networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 313-327, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Glazer, Amihai & Niskanen, Esko, 1992. "Parking fees and congestion," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 123-132, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Verhoef, Erik & Nijkamp, Peter & Rietveld, Piet, 1996. "Second-Best Congestion Pricing: The Case of an Untolled Alternative," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 279-302, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Erik Verhoef & Jan Rouwendal & Piet Rietveld, 1997. "Congestion caused by Speed Differences," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 97-105/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
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  16. Richard Arnott & Kenneth Small, 1993. "The Economics Of Traffic Congestion," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 256, Boston College Department of Economics.
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Parry, Ian W.H., 2008. "Pricing Urban Congestion," Discussion Papers dp-08-35, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
  2. Matteo Richiardi, 2003. "The New Italian Road Code and the Virtues of the ‘Shame Lane’," LABORatorio R. Revelli Working Papers Series 31, LABORatorio R. Revelli, Centre for Employment Studies. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Schrage, Andrea, 2006. "Traffic congestion and accidents," Regensburger Diskussionsbeiträge zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft 419, University of Regensburg, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  4. C. Robin Lindsey & Erik T. Verhoef, 2000. "Traffic Congestion and Congestion Pricing," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 00-101/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
  5. Erik T. Verhoef & Herbert Mohring, 2007. "Self-Financing Roads," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 07-068/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
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