In this paper, a dynamic model of road traffic congestion is presented, with an elastic overall demand for morning peak road usage, and with the congestion technology used being 'flow congestion'. It is demonstrated that in such a case, the optimal time-varying toll should include a 'flat', time-invariant component when road users share the same desired arrival time. This has important consequences for the design of optimal toll schemes in reality, because it implies that optimal tolls cannot be set if the regulator has no information on the road users' desired arrival times.
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Verhoef Erik T., 1997.
"Externalities,"
Serie Research Memoranda
0031, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
[Downloadable!]
Arnott, Richard & de Palma, Andre & Lindsey, Robin, 1990.
"Economics of a bottleneck,"
Journal of Urban Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 111-130, January.
[Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
Small, K.A. & Gomez-Ibanez, J.A., 1996.
"Urban Transportation,"
Papers
95-96-4, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences.
Other versions:
Small, Kenneth A. & Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A., 1999.
"Urban transportation,"
Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics,
in: P. C. Cheshire & E. S. Mills (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 46, pages 1937-1999
Elsevier.
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