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Panel Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Cross-Sectional Dependencies: Comparison and Implications for Modelling

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Author Info
Gengenbach,Christian
Palm,Franz
Urbain,Jean-Pierre (METEOR)

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Abstract

Several panel unit root tests that account for cross section dependence using a common factor structure have been proposed in the literature recently, notably Pesaran (2003), Moon and Perron (2004) and Bai and Ng (2004). This paper is aimed at comparing these three proposed unit root tests for panels with dynamic factors. It makes fourcontributions: (1) it compares the three testing procedures in terms of similarities and difference in the data generation process, tests, null and alternative hypotheses considered,(2) it compares the small sample properties of the tests usingMonte Carlo results in models with up to two common factors, (3) it provides an application which illustrates the use of the tests, and (4) finally it discusses the use of the tests in modelling in general. The main conclusions are: Pesaran’s (2003) cross-sectionally augmented (CA)DF tests are designed for cases where cross-sectional dependence is due to a single factor. The Moon and Perron (2004) tests which use defactored data is similar in spirit but can account for mutiple common factors. The Bai and Ng (2004) tests allow to tests for unit roots in the common factors and/or the idiosyncratic factors. It would therefore be natural to use the Pesaran (2003) or Moon and Perron tests in a first step to find out whether there are unit roots in the data. Then in a second step of modelling, the Bai and Ng (2004) tests could be used to determine whether the unit roots arise in the common factors or in the idiosyncratic components. It is also found that the latter behave well when the observed nonstationarity in the data series comes exclusively from nonstationary common factors, e.g. when the series cointegrate along the cross sectional dimension of the panel.

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Paper provided by Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization in its series Research Memoranda with number 040.

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Date of creation: 2004
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Handle: RePEc:dgr:umamet:2004040

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Keywords: econometrics;

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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  3. Pesaran, M.H., 2003. "A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0346, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. [Downloadable!]
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  4. MOON, Hyungsik Roger & PERRON, Benoit., 2002. "Testing for a Unit Root in Panels with Dynamic Factors," Cahiers de recherche 2002-18, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Andrews, Donald W K, 1991. "Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(3), pages 817-58, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Oh, Keun-Yeob, 1996. "Purchasing power parity and unit root tests using panel data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 405-418, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Peter C. B. Phillips & Donggyu Sul, 2003. "Dynamic panel estimation and homogeneity testing under cross section dependence *," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 6(1), pages 217-259, 06. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Anindya Banerjee & Massimiliano Marcellino & Chiara Osbat, 2004. "Some cautions on the use of panel methods for integrated series of macroeconomic data," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 7(2), pages 322-340, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Choi, In, 2001. "Unit root tests for panel data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 249-272, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Flores, Renato & Jorion, Philippe & Preumont, Pierre-Yves & Szafarz, Ariane, 1999. "Multivariate unit root tests of the PPP hypothesis," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 335-353, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Donald W.K. Andrews & Christopher J. Monahan, 1990. "An Improved Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 942, Cowles Foundation, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Yoosoon Chang, 2000. "Nonlinear IV Unit Root Tests in Panels with Cross-Sectional Dependency," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-85, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!]
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  13. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Aznar, Antonio & Salvador, Manuel, 2002. "Selecting The Rank Of The Cointegration Space And The Form Of The Intercept Using An Information Criterion," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(04), pages 926-947, August. [Downloadable!]
  15. Anindya Banerjee & Massimiliano Marcellino & Chiara Osbat, 2005. "Testing for PPP: Should we use panel methods?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 77-91, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Lyhagen, Johan, 2000. "Why not use standard panel unit root test for testing PPP," Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 413, Stockholm School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  17. Pasaran, M.H. & Im, K.S. & Shin, Y., 1995. "Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9526, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
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  18. Jushan Bai & Serena Ng, 2002. "Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(1), pages 191-221, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné & Jean-François Hoarau, 2009. "Does the real GDP per capita convergence hold in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa?," Working Papers hal-00422522_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
  2. Jushan Bai & Chihwa Kao & Serena Ng, 2007. "Panel Cointegration with Global Stochastic Trends," Center for Policy Research Working Papers 90, Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Hyungsik Roger Moon & Benoit Perron, 2005. "An Empirical Analysis of Nonstationarity in Panels of Exchange Rates and Interest Rates with Factors," IEPR Working Papers 05.35, Institute of Economic Policy Research (IEPR). [Downloadable!]
  4. Christian Dreger & Eric Girardin, 2007. "Does the Nominal Exchange Rate Regime Affect the Long Run Properties of Real Exchange Rates?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 746, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  5. Christian Dreger, 2008. "Does the Nominal Exchange Rate Regime Affect the Real Interest Parity Condition?," Working Paper / FINESS 1.1c, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Gengenbach,Christian & Palm,Franz C. & Urbain,Jean-Pierre, 2005. "Panel Cointegration Testing in the Presence of Common Factors," Research Memoranda 050, Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization. [Downloadable!]
  7. Martin Wagner, 2008. "On PPP, unit roots and panels," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 229-249, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Julián Ramajo Hernández(1) & Montserrat Ferré Carracedo(2), . "Testing For Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity In The Post Bretton Woods Era: Evidence From Old And New Tests," Working Papers 24-05 Classification-JEL , Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. [Downloadable!]
  9. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Christian Dreger & Reinhold Kosfeld, 2007. "Do Regional Price Levels Converge?: Paneleconometric Evidence Based on German Districts," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 754, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  11. Mariam Camarero & Josep Lluis Carrion Silvestre & Cecilio Tamarit, 2006. "New evidence of the real interest rate parity for OECD countries using panel unit root tests with breaks," Working Papers in Economics 159, Universitat de Barcelona. Espai de Recerca en Economia. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Palm, Franz C. & Smeekes, Stephan & Urbain, Jean-Pierre, 2008. "Cross-Sectional Dependence Robust Block Bootstrap Panel Unit Root Tests," Research Memoranda 048, Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization. [Downloadable!]
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