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Computing Equilibria in Finance Economies with Incomplete Markets and Transaction Costs

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Author Info
Herings,P. Jean-Jacques
Schmedders,Karl (METEOR)

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Abstract

Transaction costs in financial markets may have important consequences for volumes of trade, asset pricing and welfare. In the economic literature they are often given as one reason for the incompleteness of asset markets, which is a striking example of their potential impact on volumes of trade. We argue that analytical results on the impact of transaction costs are hard to obtain and a computational approach is needed. This paper introduces the first algorithm for the computation of equilibria in the general equilibrium model with incomplete asset markets and linear transaction costs on the financial markets. The algorithm is based on the homotopy principle and is able to deal with the two major technical difficulties of the model, namely the existence of non-differentiabilities of agents'' asset demands as a function of the asset prices and the existence of locally non-unique equilibria. Several numerical examples give a first glimpse of the impact of transaction costs on the nature of the equilibria. We show that the consequences of transaction costs for volumes of trade and prices can be counterintuitive even for small economic models.

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Paper provided by Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization in its series Research Memoranda with number 049.

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Date of creation: 2000
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Handle: RePEc:dgr:umamet:2000049

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Keywords: microeconomics ;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Prechac, Christophe, 1996. "Existence of equilibrium in incomplete markets with intermediation costs," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 373-380. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Heaton, John & Lucas, Deborah J, 1996. "Evaluating the Effects of Incomplete Markets on Risk Sharing and Asset Pricing," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(3), pages 443-87, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Elul, Ronel, 1997. "Financial innovation, precautionary saving and the risk-free rate," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 113-131, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Geanakoplos, John, 1990. "An introduction to general equilibrium with incomplete asset markets," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1-2), pages 1-38. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Pradeep Dubey & John Geanakoplos & Martin Shubik, 1988. "Default and Efficiency in a General Equilibrium Model with Incomplete Markets," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 879R, Cowles Foundation, Yale University, revised Feb 1989. [Downloadable!]
  6. Debreu, Gerard, 1970. "Economies with a Finite Set of Equilibria," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 38(3), pages 387-92, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Aiyagari, S. Rao & Gertler, Mark, 1991. "Asset returns with transactions costs and uninsured individual risk," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 311-331, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Schmedders, Karl, 1998. "Computing equilibria in the general equilibrium model with incomplete asset markets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 22(8-9), pages 1375-1401, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Jean-Jacques Herings, P., 1997. "A globally and universally stable price adjustment process," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 163-193, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Constantinides, George M, 1986. "Capital Market Equilibrium with Transaction Costs," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(4), pages 842-62, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Brown, Donald J & DeMarzo, Peter M & Eaves, B Curtis, 1996. "Computing Equilibria When Asset Markets Are Incomplete," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(1), pages 1-27, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Herings,P. Jean-Jacques & Peeters,R., 1999. "A Differentiable Homotopy to Compute Nash Equilibria of n-Person Games," Research Memoranda 038, Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization. [Downloadable!]
  13. Laitenberger, Marta, 1996. "Existence of financial market equilibria with transaction costs," Ricerche Economiche, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 69-77, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Arrow, Kenneth J. & Hahn, Frank, 1999. "Notes on Sequence Economies, Transaction Costs, and Uncertainty," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 203-218, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Eaves, B. Curtis & Schmedders, Karl, 1999. "General equilibrium models and homotopy methods," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 23(9-10), pages 1249-1279, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Magill, Michael & Shafer, Wayne, 1991. "Incomplete markets," Handbook of Mathematical Economics, in: W. Hildenbrand & H. Sonnenschein (ed.), Handbook of Mathematical Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 30, pages 1523-1614 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Martins-da-Rocha, V. F. & Vailakis, Yiannis, 2008. "Endogenous Transaction Costs," Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 680, Graduate School of Economics, Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
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