IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cte/werepe/28133.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Score-driven time series models with dynamic shape : an application to the Standard & Poor's 500 index

Author

Listed:
  • Ayala, Astrid
  • Blazsek, Szabolcs
  • Escribano, Álvaro

Abstract

We introduce new dynamic conditional score (DCS) volatility models with dynamic scale and shape parameters for the effective measurement of volatility. In the new models, we use the EGB2 (exponential generalized beta of the second kind), NIG (normal-inverse Gaussian) and Skew-Gen-t (skewed generalized-t) probability distributions. Those distributions involve several shape parameters that control the dynamic skewness, tail shape and peakedness of financial returns. We use daily return data from the Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) index for the period of January 4, 1950 to December 30, 2017. We estimate all models by using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and we present the conditions of consistency and asymptotic normality of the ML estimates. We study those conditions for the S&P 500 and we also perform diagnostic tests for the residuals. The statistical performances of several DCS specifications with dynamic shape are superior to the statistical performance of the DCS specification with constant shape. Outliers in the shape parameters are associated with important announcements that affected the United States (US) stock market. Our results motivate the application of the new DCS models to volatility measurement, pricing financial derivatives, or estimation of the value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) metrics.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayala, Astrid & Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro, 2019. "Score-driven time series models with dynamic shape : an application to the Standard & Poor's 500 index," UC3M Working papers. Economics 28133, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    • Handle: RePEc:cte:werepe:28133
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/28133/we1905.pdf?sequence=3
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Backus & Mikhail Chernov & Ian Martin, 2011. "Disasters Implied by Equity Index Options," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(6), pages 1969-2012, December.
    2. Bollerslev, Tim & Todorov, Viktor & Xu, Lai, 2015. "Tail risk premia and return predictability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 113-134.
    3. Sangjoon Kim & Neil Shephard & Siddhartha Chib, 1998. "Stochastic Volatility: Likelihood Inference and Comparison with ARCH Models," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 65(3), pages 361-393.
    4. Astrid Ayala & Szabolcs Blazsek, 2018. "Equity market neutral hedge funds and the stock market: an application of score-driven copula models," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(37), pages 4005-4023, August.
    5. Viral V. Acharya & Lasse H. Pedersen & Thomas Philippon & Matthew Richardson, 2017. "Measuring Systemic Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 2-47.
    6. Nelson, Daniel B, 1991. "Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(2), pages 347-370, March.
    7. Creal, Drew & Koopman, Siem Jan & Lucas, André, 2011. "A Dynamic Multivariate Heavy-Tailed Model for Time-Varying Volatilities and Correlations," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 29(4), pages 552-563.
    8. John W. Galbraith, 2004. "Circuit Breakers and the Tail Index of Equity Returns," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 109-129.
    9. Tim Bollerslev & George Tauchen & Hao Zhou, 2009. "Expected Stock Returns and Variance Risk Premia," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(11), pages 4463-4492, November.
    10. Ole E. Barndorff‐Nielsen & Neil Shephard, 2002. "Econometric analysis of realized volatility and its use in estimating stochastic volatility models," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 64(2), pages 253-280, May.
    11. Harvey,Andrew C., 2013. "Dynamic Models for Volatility and Heavy Tails," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107630024, January.
    12. Tim Bollerslev & Viktor Todorov, 2011. "Estimation of Jump Tails," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 79(6), pages 1727-1783, November.
    13. Tata Subba Rao & Granville Tunnicliffe Wilson & Andrew Harvey & Rutger-Jan Lange, 2017. "Volatility Modeling with a Generalized t Distribution," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 175-190, March.
    14. Szabolcs Blazsek & Han-Chiang Ho, 2017. "Markov regime-switching Beta--EGARCH," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(47), pages 4793-4805, October.
    15. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April.
    16. Bryan Kelly & Hao Jiang, 2014. "Editor's Choice Tail Risk and Asset Prices," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(10), pages 2841-2871.
    17. Escanciano, J. Carlos & Lobato, Ignacio N., 2009. "An automatic Portmanteau test for serial correlation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 151(2), pages 140-149, August.
    18. Szabolcs Blazsek & Luis Antonio Monteros, 2017. "Dynamic conditional score models of degrees of freedom: filtering with score-driven heavy tails," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(53), pages 5426-5440, November.
    19. Vuong, Quang H, 1989. "Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-nested Hypotheses," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 307-333, March.
    20. Gurdip Bakshi & Nikunj Kapadia & Dilip Madan, 2003. "Stock Return Characteristics, Skew Laws, and the Differential Pricing of Individual Equity Options," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(1), pages 101-143.
    21. Szabolcs Blazsek & Han-Chiang Ho & Su-Ping Liu, 2018. "Score-driven Markov-switching EGARCH models: an application to systematic risk analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(56), pages 6047-6060, December.
    22. Szabolcs Blazsek & Luis Antonio Monteros, 2017. "Event-study analysis by using dynamic conditional score models," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(45), pages 4530-4541, September.
    23. Harvey, Andrew C & Shephard, Neil, 1996. "Estimation of an Asymmetric Stochastic Volatility Model for Asset Returns," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 14(4), pages 429-434, October.
    24. Astrid Ayala & Szabolcs Blazsek, 2018. "Score-driven copula models for portfolios of two risky assets," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(18), pages 1861-1884, December.
    25. Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Alvaro, 2016. "Score-driven dynamic patent count panel data models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 116-119.
    26. Andrew Harvey & Esther Ruiz & Neil Shephard, 1994. "Multivariate Stochastic Variance Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 61(2), pages 247-264.
    27. Drew Creal & Siem Jan Koopman & André Lucas, 2013. "Generalized Autoregressive Score Models With Applications," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 777-795, August.
    28. Carmela Quintos & Zhenhong Fan & Peter C. B. Phillips, 2001. "Structural Change Tests in Tail Behaviour and the Asian Crisis," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 68(3), pages 633-663.
    29. Bollerslev, Tim & Todorov, Viktor, 2014. "Time-varying jump tails," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 183(2), pages 168-180.
    30. Astrid Ayala & Szabolcs Blazsek, 2019. "Score-driven models of stochastic seasonality in location and scale: an application case study of the Indian rupee to USD exchange rate," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(37), pages 4083-4103, August.
    31. Francisco Blasques & Paolo Gorgi & Siem Jan Koopman & Olivier Wintenberger, 2016. "Feasible Invertibility Conditions and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Observation-Driven Models," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 16-082/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    32. Astrid Ayala & Szabolcs Blazsek, 2019. "Score-driven currency exchange rate seasonality as applied to the Guatemalan Quetzal/US Dollar," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 10(1), pages 65-92, March.
    33. Viral Acharya & Robert Engle & Matthew Richardson, 2012. "Capital Shortfall: A New Approach to Ranking and Regulating Systemic Risks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 59-64, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ayala, Astrid & Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro, 2019. "Maximum likelihood estimation of score-driven models with dynamic shape parameters : an application to Monte Carlo value-at-risk," UC3M Working papers. Economics 28638, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    2. Ayala Astrid & Blazsek Szabolcs & Escribano Alvaro, 2023. "Anticipating extreme losses using score-driven shape filters," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 27(4), pages 449-484, September.
    3. Ayala, Astrid & Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro, 2017. "Dynamic conditional score models with time-varying location, scale and shape parameters," UC3M Working papers. Economics 25043, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    4. Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro & Licht, Adrian, 2018. "Seasonality Detection in Small Samples using Score-Driven Nonlinear Multivariate Dynamic Location Models," UC3M Working papers. Economics 27483, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    5. Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro & Licht, Adrian, 2019. "Markov-switching score-driven multivariate models: outlier-robust measurement of the relationships between world crude oil production and US industrial production," UC3M Working papers. Economics 29030, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    6. Palumbo, D., 2021. "Testing and Modelling Time Series with Time Varying Tails," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2111, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    7. Catania, Leopoldo & Proietti, Tommaso, 2020. "Forecasting volatility with time-varying leverage and volatility of volatility effects," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1301-1317.
    8. Andersen, Torben G. & Bollerslev, Tim & Christoffersen, Peter F. & Diebold, Francis X., 2013. "Financial Risk Measurement for Financial Risk Management," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1127-1220, Elsevier.
    9. Song, Shijia & Li, Handong, 2022. "Predicting VaR for China's stock market: A score-driven model based on normal inverse Gaussian distribution," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. Astrid Ayala & Szabolcs Blazsek, 2019. "Score-driven currency exchange rate seasonality as applied to the Guatemalan Quetzal/US Dollar," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 10(1), pages 65-92, March.
    11. Blazsek, Szabolcs & Escribano, Álvaro & Licht, Adrian, 2018. "Seasonal Quasi-Vector Autoregressive Models with an Application to Crude Oil Production and Economic Activity in the United States and Canada," UC3M Working papers. Economics 27484, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    12. Buccheri, Giuseppe & Corsi, Fulvio & Flandoli, Franco & Livieri, Giulia, 2021. "The continuous-time limit of score-driven volatility models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 221(2), pages 655-675.
    13. Li, Zhenxiong & Yao, Xingzhi & Izzeldin, Marwan, 2023. "On the right jump tail inferred from the VIX market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    14. Harvey,Andrew C., 2013. "Dynamic Models for Volatility and Heavy Tails," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107034723.
    15. Nguyen, Duc Binh Benno & Prokopczuk, Marcel & Wese Simen, Chardin, 2019. "The risk premium of gold," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 140-159.
    16. BAUWENS, Luc & HAFNER, Christian & LAURENT, Sébastien, 2011. "Volatility models," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2011058, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
      • Bauwens, L. & Hafner, C. & Laurent, S., 2012. "Volatility Models," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2012028, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
      • Bauwens, L. & Hafner C. & Laurent, S., 2011. "Volatility Models," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2011044, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    17. Antonis Demos, 2023. "Estimation of Asymmetric Stochastic Volatility in Mean Models," DEOS Working Papers 2309, Athens University of Economics and Business.
    18. Djennad, Abdelmajid & Rigby, Robert & Stasinopoulos, Dimitrios & Voudouris, Vlasios & Eilers, Paul, 2015. "Beyond location and dispersion models: The Generalized Structural Time Series Model with Applications," MPRA Paper 62807, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. P. Girardello & Orietta Nicolis & Giovanni Tondini, 2002. "Comparing conditional variance models: Theory and empirical evidence," Departmental Working Papers 2002-08, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    20. Willy Alanya & Gabriel Rodríguez, 2019. "Asymmetries in Volatility: An Empirical Study for the Peruvian Stock and Forex Markets," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(01), pages 1-18, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dynamic conditional score (DCS) models;

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cte:werepe:28133. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ana Poveda (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.eco.uc3m.es/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.