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Synchronization and Diversity in Business Cycles: A Network Approach Applied to the European Union

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  • David Matesanz Gomez
  • Guillermo J. Ortega
  • Benno Torgler

Abstract

This paper analyses synchronization in business cycles across the European Union (EU) since 1989. We include both old and new European Union members and countries which are currently negotiating accession, as well as potential European Union members. Our methodological approach is based on the correlation matrix and the networks within, which allows us to summarize the individual interaction and co-movement, while also capturing the existing heterogeneity of connectivity within the European economic system. The results indicate that the synchronization of the old EU countries remained stable until the current financial crisis. Additionally, the synchronization of the new and potential members has approached to the old EU members although we observe the existence of different synchronization levels and dynamics in output growth in single countries as well as in groups of countries. Some countries have achieved an important degree of co-movement (such as the Baltic Republics, Hungary, Slovenia and Iceland), while others have experienced reduced synchronization, or even desynchronization (such as Romania, Bulgaria and even Greece and Ireland).

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  • David Matesanz Gomez & Guillermo J. Ortega & Benno Torgler, 2012. "Synchronization and Diversity in Business Cycles: A Network Approach Applied to the European Union," CREMA Working Paper Series 2012-01, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
  • Handle: RePEc:cra:wpaper:2012-01
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    1. repec:zbw:bofitp:2013_003 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Ana Rodríguez-Santiago, 2019. "What has Changed After the Great Recession on the European Cyclical Patterns?," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 15(2), pages 121-146, December.
    3. Dias, João, 2017. "Unemployment and sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone: A k-means-r analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 482(C), pages 108-117.
    4. Feldkircher, Martin, 2015. "A global macro model for emerging Europe," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 706-726.
    5. Kurowski, Łukasz & Rogowicz, Karol, 2018. "Are business and credit cycles synchronised internally or externally?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 124-141.
    6. Theophilos Papadimitriou & Periklis Gogas & Georgios Sarantitis, 2016. "Convergence of European Business Cycles: A Complex Networks Approach," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 47(2), pages 97-119, February.
    7. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Gogas, Periklis & Papadimitriou, Theophilos & Sarantitis, Georgios Antonios, 2016. "International business cycle synchronization since the 1870s: Evidence from a novel network approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 447(C), pages 286-296.
    8. Gächter, Simon & Riedl, Alesandra & Ritzberger-Grünwald, Doris, 2013. "Business cycle convergence or decoupling? : Economic adjustment in CESEE during the crisis," BOFIT Discussion Papers 3/2013, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    9. Matesanz, David & Ortega, Guillermo J., 2015. "Sovereign public debt crisis in Europe. A network analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 436(C), pages 756-766.
    10. Matesanz, David & Ortega, Guillermo J., 2016. "On business cycles synchronization in Europe: A note on network analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 287-296.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Business cycle synchronization; European Union countries; EU candidates; complex systems; network topology;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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