The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Abstract
We document the establishment and evolution of a cooperative norm among workers using evidence from a natural field experiment on a leading UK farm. Workers are paid according to a relative incentive scheme under which increasing individual effort raises a worker's own pay but imposes a negative externality on the pay of all co-workers, thus creating a rationale for cooperation. As a counterfactual, we analyse worker behaviour when workers are paid piece rates and thus have no incentive to cooperate. We find that workers cooperate more as their exposure to the relative incentive scheme increases. We also find that individual and group exposure are substitutes, namely workers who work alongside colleagues with higher exposure cooperate more. Shocks to the workforce in the form of new worker arrivals disrupt cooperation in the short term but are then quickly integrated into the norm. Individual exposure, group exposure, and the arrival of new workers have no effect on productivity when workers and paid piece rates and there is no incentive to cooperate.Download Info
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Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers in its series CEPR Discussion Papers with number 5358.Length:
Date of creation: Nov 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:5358
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Related research
Keywords: cooperation; group exercise; individual exposure;Other versions of this item:
- Oriana Bandiera & Iwan Barankay & Imran Rasul, 2006. "The Evolution of Cooperative Norms: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 0(2), pages 4.
- Bandiera, O. & Barankay, I. & Rasul, I., 2006. "The evolution of cooperative norms: evidence from a natural field experiment," Open Access publications from University College London http://discovery.ucl.ac.u, University College London.
- Orana Bandiera & Iwan Barankay & Imran Rasul, 2006. "The evolution of cooperative norms: Evidence from a natural field experiment," Natural Field Experiments 00210, The Field Experiments Website.
- C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
- M52 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting - - Personnel Economics - - - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2005-12-09 (All new papers)
- NEP-EXP-2005-12-09 (Experimental Economics)
- NEP-SOC-2005-12-09 (Social Norms & Social Capital)
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Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.Cited by:
- Donna Harris & Benedikt Herrmann & Andreas Kontoleon, 2009.
"`Two's Company, Three's a Group' The impact of group identity and group size on in-group favouritism,"
Discussion Papers
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