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Modelling the reporting discrepancies in bilateral data

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  • Arie ten Cate

Abstract

This paper is about the discrepancies in reported bilateral statistical data ("mirror data"). For example the trade from country A to country B is not reported the same in the two countries. The discrepancies are used to estimate the accuracy of the reporters. The estimated accuracies are to be used to compute optimal combinations of mirror data.Two models of the discrepancies are presented: (a) unbiased reporting with inaccurate reporters having a large variance, and (b) biased reporting with inaccurate reporters having a large bias (either positive or negative). Estimation methods are least squares regression and maximum likelihood.A numerical illustration is given, using data of the international trade in services. It is shown how to judge the two models empirically.For an updated version, see CPB Discussion Paper 216.

Suggested Citation

  • Arie ten Cate, 2007. "Modelling the reporting discrepancies in bilateral data," CPB Memorandum 179, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpb:memodm:179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gehlhar, Mark J., 1996. "Reconciling Bilateral Trade Data For Use In Gtap," Technical Papers 28714, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Nico van Leeuwen & Arjan Lejour, 2006. "Bilateral Services Trade Data and the GTAP database," CPB Memorandum 160, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    3. Gehlhar, Mark, 1996. "Reconciling Bilateral Trade Data for Use in GTAP," GTAP Technical Papers 313, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University.
    4. Richard Stone & D. G. Champernowne & J. E. Meade, 1942. "The Precision of National Income Estimates," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 111-125.
    5. Ferrantino, Michael J. & Wang, Zhi, 2008. "Accounting for discrepancies in bilateral trade: The case of China, Hong Kong, and the United States," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 502-520, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arjan Lejour & Nico van Leeuwen & Arie ten Cate, 2008. "The quality of bilateral services trade data: contribution to GTAP7 database," CPB Memorandum 212.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    2. Gaulier, Guillaume & Zignago, Soledad, 2004. "Notes on BACI (analytical database of international trade). 1989-2002 version," MPRA Paper 32401, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Julien Gooris & Cristina Mitaritonna, 2015. "Which import restrictions matter for trade in services ?," Working Papers 2015-33, CEPII research center.
    4. Cate Arie ten, 2014. "The Identification of Reporting Accuracies from Mirror Data," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 234(1), pages 70-84, February.
    5. Pelikan, Janine & Brockmeier, Martina, 2007. "Methods to Aggregate Import Tariffs and their Impacts on Modeling Results," Conference papers 331663, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    6. ten Cate, Arie, 2009. "Solving models with inequalities using standard econometric software," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 2055-2060, April.
    7. Jasper Lukkezen & Hugo Rojas-Romagosa, 2012. "When is debt sustainable?," CPB Discussion Paper 212.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    8. Arjan Lejour & Nico van Leeuwen & Arie ten Cate, 2008. "The quality of bilateral services trade data: contribution to GTAP7 database," CPB Memorandum 212, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    9. Arie ten Cate, 2012. "The identification of reporting accuracies from mirror data," CPB Discussion Paper 216, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.

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    JEL classification:

    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access

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