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Accidentes de trabajo y productividad laboral: dinámica, determinantes e impacto en el gremio de la ANDI seccional Cartagena durante el ano 2006

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  • Yunaris Elvira Coneo Mendoza
  • Sara Donado Arias

Abstract

La seguridad industrial, en la última década, ha sido temática de innumerables debates bajo el contexto de la protección laboral y sus implicaciones en el rendimiento productivo del trabajador, y por ende de la empresa; el resultado de estas discusiones generó una serie de mecanismos que apoyan la disminución de la accidentalidad laboral, como son, el fortalecimiento de los Programas de Salud Ocupacional - PSO -, mediante la revisión periódica de los riesgos laborales de la empresa, incentivos hacia la gestión de calidad de cada uno de sus procesos, capacitación sin distinción jerárquica, entre otros. En este artículo, se presenta desde la perspectiva económica, un análisis descriptivo y empírico de la accidentalidad laboral, que se consolida como el primer siniestro ocupacional a nivel nacional e incluso regional, lo que alarma sobre la efectividad de los mecanismos antes mencionados. La finalidad del estudio es establecer los principales factores que intervienen en la ocurrencia de estos sucesos repentinos e inesperados llamados "accidentes", y el impacto que generan en la productividad laboral de las empresas miembros de la Asociación Nacional de Empresarios, ANDI. La investigación se realizó teniendo en cuenta el Análisis de Varianza ANOVA y Análisis de Covarianza ANCOVA, con el fin de realizar una evaluación no sólo de las variables cuantitativas, sino también el impacto que generan las variables cualitativas sobre el comportamiento del modelo final; de igual forma se clasificaron en dos grupos: variables de Calidad que responden a factores de gestión organizacional en seguridad industrial y variables estructurales que contemplan los aspectos de funcionamiento de la empresa; se destaca que la accidentalidad en la empresas afiliadas responde básicamente a factores del trabajo, desprendiéndose un poco de la hipótesis de que los accidentes laborales en estas empresas ocurren en gran medida por error humano (factores personales). ****** The industrial safety in the last decade, has been subject of countless discussions under the framework of labour protection and its implications on the performance of the productive worker, and hence of the company, the outcome of these discussions generated a series of mechanisms that support the decline in accidents at work, as are the strengthening of the Occupational Health Programs-PSO, through periodic review of the occupational hazards of the company, incentives towards quality management of each of its processes, training without distinction Hierarchical, among others. In This article is presented from an economic perspective, a descriptive and empirical analysis of the labour accident, which has become the first casualty occupational nationally and even regional, which alarm about the effectiveness of the mechanisms above. The purpose of the study is to establish the main factors involved in the occurrence of these events sudden and unexpected so-called "accident", and the impact they generate in labour productivity of member firms of the National Association of Employers, ANDI. The research was conducted taking into account the analysis of variance – Anova-, and Analysis of Covariance – Ancova -, in order to make an assessment not only of quantitative variables, but also the impact generated by qualitative variable on the behavior of the final model; equally how were classified into two groups: Quality variable factors that respond to organizational management in industrial safety and structural variables covering aspects of running the company; stressed that the accident rate in the affiliated companies basically responds to factors at work, off a bit on the assumption that industrial accidents occur in these companies largely by human error (personal factors).

Suggested Citation

  • Yunaris Elvira Coneo Mendoza & Sara Donado Arias, 2008. "Accidentes de trabajo y productividad laboral: dinámica, determinantes e impacto en el gremio de la ANDI seccional Cartagena durante el ano 2006," Revista Panorama Económico 6200, Universidad de Cartagena.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000407:006200
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piore, Michael J, 1983. "Labor Market Segmentation: To What Paradigm Does It Belong?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(2), pages 249-253, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Accidentes Laborales; Productividad Laboral; Seguridad Industrial; Factor de Riesgo; ANOVA; ANCOVA; Índice de Accidentalidad; Labor accident; Labor Productivity; industrial security; risk factor; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA); Index of accident;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J28 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
    • R15 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Methods

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