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Estructura fiscal de Colombia y ajustes requeridos (2010-2020)

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  • Sergio Clavijo

Abstract

Las marcadas restricciones constitucionales y legales, provenientes de la Carta Política de 1991, explican en buena medida las serias dificultades que enfrenta Colombia para contener su creciente gasto público, actualmente bordeando el 18% del PIB a nivel del gobierno central. A su vez, su estructura tributaria es anti-técnica y compleja, donde se combinan tasas de gravamen relativamente elevadas con un gran cúmulo de exenciones. Ello se traduce en bajos niveles de recaudo, de sólo un 13% del PIB en el gobierno nacional, y al anadir los ingresos de capital sus ingresos sólo ascienden al 14-15% del PIB. Así, el gobierno nacional enfrenta un déficit fiscal estructural del orden del 4% del PIB y un déficit primario (sin intereses) del -1% del PIB.Este documento analiza esa estructura fiscal y plantea soluciones tendientes a reducirlo a niveles manejables del 2% del PIB en el horizonte 2011-2015, al tiempo que se logra un superávit primario de +1% del PIB de forma sostenible. Las alternativas de política estarán en función de: i) la adopción de una reforma tributaria estructural; ii) el replanteamiento que se logre del manejo de las regalías minero-energéticas; y iii) el papel asignado a la llamada Regla Fiscal. Las simulaciones aquí presentadas sobre la aplicación de dicha regla fiscal indican que cabe esperar una convergencia del déficit del gobierno central hacia el -1% del PIB (2015-2020), donde en promedio la brecha del producto" jugaría un papel neutro, y la "brecha del sector minero-energético" inducirá restricciones a dicho déficit. Todo ello debe permitir una reducción de la relación Deuda/PIB del GC de niveles del 36% hacia el 24% del PIB, lo cual aseguraría poder mantener el grado de inversión."

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Clavijo, 2011. "Estructura fiscal de Colombia y ajustes requeridos (2010-2020)," Informes de Investigación 9604, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000124:009604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. António Afonso & Ludger Schuknecht & Vito Tanzi, 2010. "Income distribution determinants and public spending efficiency," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 8(3), pages 367-389, September.
    2. Antonio Afonso & Ludger Schuknecht & Vito Tanzi, 2010. "Public sector efficiency: evidence for new EU member states and emerging markets," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(17), pages 2147-2164.
    3. Roberto Steiner & Irene Clavijo & Natalia Salazar, 2008. "Colombia´s Efforts at Achieving Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: The Road Traveled and the Challenges Ahead," Informes de Investigación 9058, Fedesarrollo.
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    Cited by:

    1. Melanie Hultsch, 2014. "How to Generate and Sustain the Highest Income Inequality in Latin America – the Case of Colombia 2000-2010," Competence Centre on Money, Trade, Finance and Development 1403, Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Política fiscal; Tributación; Subsidios e ingresos; Gastos del gobierno nacional; Crecimiento Económico; Estructura Fiscal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General

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