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Gasto público en protección social en Colombia: análisis y propuestas

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  • Roberto Perotti

Abstract

Introducción. Tradicionalmente, los gastos en salud y educación han jugado un papel principal tanto en las discusiones teóricas como en la asignación del gasto social en Colombia. Esto refleja un punto de vista compartido por muchos en el sentido que la política social debe orientarse a erradicar las causas de la pobreza en vez de sus manifestaciones. En este trabajo se argumenta que este punto de vista tiene muy poco contenido teórico y, de manera más importante, puede ser responsable por una actitud que menosprecia todos aquellos programas sociales enfocados a los pobres que no contribuyen, de una u otra forma, a construir capital humano. En cambio, se argumenta que estos programas deberían tener ciudadanía total en un país del nivel de desarrollo como Colombia. Sin embargo, hasta al interior de los gastos sociales diferentes a salud y educación se nota que la asignación actual está muy sesgada hacia programas que no benefician a los pobres o que a menudo lo hacen tan sólo de manera marginal. En particular, las pensiones tienen una participación excesiva en el gasto social y se pagan, casi exclusivamente, a los últimos dos quintiles de la distribución. Esto deja muy poco espacio para otros programas, principalmente aquellos dirigidos a los ninos y sus familias y a programas relacionados con el mercado laboral. Estos programas, a su vez, sufren de problemas propios, particularmente de una casi completa falta de evaluaciones útiles, una excesiva fragmentación en muchos organismos y subprogramas y una falta de claridad en sus objetivos, lo cual es una consecuencia casi inevitable. La estructura de este trabajo es la siguiente. Considerando la ausencia de un marco teórico comprehensivo que sirva para analizar el gasto social, la Sección 2 discute las características más importantes a considerar al evaluar el gasto social colombiano. La Sección 3 ubica al gasto social en el contexto más amplio de la política fiscal, discutiendo la evolución de la pobreza en los anos noventa y los instrumentos disponibles para focalizar el gasto social. La Sección 4 discute extensamente los principales programas sociales en las áreas de pensiones, familias y ninos y empleo y desempleo. La Sección 5 contiene las conclusiones del estudio.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Perotti, 2000. "Gasto público en protección social en Colombia: análisis y propuestas," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 2756, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000123:002756
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gastos Públicos;

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

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