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La competitividad: aproximación conceptual desde la teoría del crecimiento y la geografía económica

Author

Listed:
  • Jorge Lotero Contreras
  • Ana Isabel Moreno Monroy
  • Mauricio Giovanni Valencia Amaya

Abstract

Resumen: El documento revisa el concepto de competitividad desde diferentes enfoques, considerando, a su vez, los desarrollos y aportes de las teorías del comercio, el crecimiento y la geografía. De la revisión conceptual se concluye que la competitividad es tanto un asunto de productividad como de estructura, pero su significado varía según el grado de desarrollo de las economías. Por otra parte, se identifican dos grandes corrientes que ayudan a comprender el concepto: (1) la corriente convencional del crecimiento y el comercio, según la cual, la competitividad depende de la liberación comercial, y (2) los enfoques neoclásicos modernos, en los cuales la capacidad tecnológica y la calidad de la mano de obra conducen al mejoramiento de la competitividad. Del análisis de estas corrientes, se concluye que, a pesar de la importancia de las ganancias estáticas en el comercio, el problema de la competitividad de la industria debe plantearse más como un asunto de ventajas acumulativas por economías de escala y externalidades dinámicas que comparativas. / Abstract: This paper reviews the competitiveness concept from different approaches, taking into consideration the developments and contributions of the new theories of trade, growth and geography. From the conceptual revision one concludes that competitiveness is as much a subject of productivity as of structure, but its meaning varies according to the degree of development of the economies. On the other hand, two fields of study help to understand the concept: (1) the conventional theory of growth and trade, which states that competitiveness depends on the trade liberalization, and (2) the modern neoclassic approaches, in which technological capacity and quality of labor lead to the improvement of the competitiveness. From the analysis of these fields, one concludes that, in spite of the importance of the static gains in trade, the industry competitiveness problem must be considered more like a subject of cumulative advantages and dynamic externalities than a comparative advantage issue.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Lotero Contreras & Ana Isabel Moreno Monroy & Mauricio Giovanni Valencia Amaya, 2005. "La competitividad: aproximación conceptual desde la teoría del crecimiento y la geografía económica," Borradores del CIE 4181, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000099:004181
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    competitividad; teorías del crecimiento; geografía económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

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