The 1999 OECD Convention on the Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions (Anti-Bribery Convention) represented a leap forward in international cooperation to fight corruption. Roughly summarising, the Convention obliged all OECD member states to criminalise the payment of bribes by their citizens in foreign countries. The Convention was translated into national law in the OECD member states and these states commit themselves to mutual evaluation under a process of monitoring.The Istanbul Action Plan commits Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Ukraine “to specific actions to increase integrity and transparency in public services, promote corporate responsibility and accountability, and allow active public participation in making reforms.” Figure 1 lists the main elements of the Action Plan, which broadly speaking focuses on the public sector, the private sector and the “third sector” or civil society.
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