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American Options with Stochastic Dividends and Volatility: A Nonparametric Investigation

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Author Info
Mark Broadie
Jérôme B. Detemple ()
Eric Ghysels ()
Olivier Torrès

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Abstract

In this paper, we consider American option contracts when the underlying asset has stochastic dividends and stochastic volatility. We provide a full discussion of the theoretical foundations of American option valuation and exercise boundaries. We show how they depend on the various sources of uncertainty which drive dividend rates and volatility, and derive equilibrium asset prices, derivative prices and optimal exercise boundaries in a general equilibrium model. The theoretical models yield fairly complex expressions which are difficult to estimate. We therefore adopt a nonparametric approach which enables us to investigate reduced forms. Indeed, we use nonparametric methods to estimate call prices and exercise boundaries conditional on dividends and volatility. Since the latter is a latent process, we propose several approaches, notably using EGARCH filtered estimates, implied and historical volatilities. The nonparametric approach allows us to test whether call prices and exercise decisions are primarily driven by dividends, as has been advocated by Harvey and Whaley (1992a,b) and Fleming and Whaley (1994) for the OEX contract, or whether stochastic volatility complements dividend uncertainty. We find that dividends alone do not account for all aspects of call option pricing and exercise decisions, suggesting a need to include stochastic volatility.

Cet article examine les contrats optionnels de type américain lorsque l'actif sous-jacent paie des dividendes et a une volatilité stochastiques. Nous présentons une discussion complète des fondations théoriques de l'évaluation des options américaines et de leurs frontières d'exercice. Nous démontrons leur dépendance par rapport aux diverses sources d'incertitude qui déterminent le taux de dividendes et la volatilité, et dérivons les prix d'équilibre des actifs, titres dérivés ainsi que les politiques optimales d'exercice dans un modèle d'équilibre général. Les modèles théoriques conduisent à des expressions complexes qui sont difficiles à estimer. C'est pourquoi nous adoptons une approche non-paramétrique qui permet d'examiner des formes réduites. Nous utilisons des méthodes non-paramétriques pour estimer les prix d'options à l'achat et les frontières d'exercice conditionnelles aux dividendes et à la volatilité. Puisque cette dernière est un processus latent nous proposons plusieurs approches, fondées en particulier sur des estimateurs-filtres EGARCH, des volatilités implicites et historiques. L'approche non-paramétrique nous permet de tester si les prix d'options et les décisions d'exercice sont principalement déterminés par les dividendes, comme suggéré par Harvey et Whaley (1992a, b) et Fleming et Whaley (1994) pour le contrat OEX, ou si la volatilité stochastique complémente l'incertitude sur les dividendes. Nous établissons que les dividendes seuls ne rendent pas compte de tous les aspects de l'évaluation de ces options et des décisions d'exercice, ce qui suggère la nécessité d'inclure la volatilité stochastique.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 96s-26.

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Date of creation: 01 Oct 1996
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:96s-26

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Related research
Keywords: Option Pricing; Derivative Securities; OEX Contract; Kernel Estimation; Prix d'options; titres dérivés; contrat OEX; estimation par méthode de noyau;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
D52 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Incomplete Markets
G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Brennan, Michael J & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1977. "The Valuation of American Put Options," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(2), pages 449-62, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Dunn, Kenneth B. & Eades, Kenneth M., 1989. "Voluntary conversion of convertible securities and the optimal call strategy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 273-301, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Mark Broadie & Jérôme B. Detemple & Eric Ghysels & Olivier Torrès, 1996. "Nonparametric Estimation of American Options Exercise Boundaries and Call Prices," CIRANO Working Papers 96s-24, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Boyle, Phelim P., 1988. "A Lattice Framework for Option Pricing with Two State Variables," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(01), pages 1-12, March. [Downloadable!]
  5. Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, 1996. "Nonparametric Pricing of Interest Rate Derivative Securities," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(3), pages 527-60, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Aït-Sahalia, Yacine. & Bickel, Peter J. & Stoker, Thomas M., 1994. "Goodness-of-fit tests for regression using kernel methods," Working papers 3747-94., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management. [Downloadable!]
  7. Yacine Ait-Sahalia & Andrew W. Lo, 1995. "Nonparametric Estimation of State-Price Densities Implicit in Financial Asset Prices," NBER Working Papers 5351, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Diz, Fernando & Finucane, Thomas J, 1993. "The Rationality of Early Exercise Decisions: Evidence from the S&P 100 Index Options Market," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(4), pages 765-97. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Peter A. Abken & Dilip B. Madan & Sailesh Ramamurtie, 1996. "Estimation of risk-neutral and statistical densities by Hermite polynomial approximation: with an application to Eurodollar futures options," Working Paper 96-5, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  10. Duffie, Darrell & Zame, William, 1989. "The Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(6), pages 1279-97, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Breen, Richard, 1991. "The Accelerated Binomial Option Pricing Model," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(02), pages 153-164, June. [Downloadable!]
  12. Detemple, Jerome B & Zapatero, Fernando, 1991. "Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy with Habit Formation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1633-57, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Manuel Ammann & Axel Kind & Christian Wilde, 2005. "Simulation-Based Pricing of Convertible Bonds," Finance 0507015, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. René Garcia & Ramazan Gençay, 1998. "Pricing and Hedging Derivative Securities with Neural Networks and a Homogeneity Hint," CIRANO Working Papers 98s-35, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. René Garcia & Eric Ghysels & Éric Renault, 2004. "The Econometrics of Option Pricing," CIRANO Working Papers 2004s-04, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  4. Xibin Zhang & Robert D. Brooks & Maxwell L. King, 2007. "A Bayesian approach to bandwidth selection for multivariate kernel regression with an application to state-price density estimation," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 11/07, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Mark Broadie & Jérôme B. Detemple & Eric Ghysels & Olivier Torrès, 1996. "Nonparametric Estimation of American Options Exercise Boundaries and Call Prices," CIRANO Working Papers 96s-24, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Matthias Fengler & Wolfgang Härdle & Enno Mammen, 2005. "A Dynamic Semiparametric Factor Model for Implied Volatility String Dynamics," SFB 649 Discussion Papers SFB649DP2005-020, Sonderforschungsbereich 649, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  7. Rodriguez, J.C., 2007. "Option Pricing and Momentum," Discussion Paper 2007-93, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jérôme B. Detemple & Carlton Osakwe, 1999. "The Valuation of Volatility Options," CIRANO Working Papers 99s-43, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
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