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Trade Reforms and Manufacturing Industry in Chile

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Author Info
Roberto Alvarez
Rodrigo Fuentes

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Abstract

The Chilean economy underwent a deep structural change in the mid-seventies, through several economic reforms. Among these, the most impressive one was trade liberalization. This process caused a string of bankruptcies in the manufacturing industry and a reduction in the share of this sector in GDP, which some authors have used to imply that Chile has become a less industrialized economy. This paper describes the main policy changes that are relevant to understand the evolution of the manufacturing industry in Chile after the reforms, and analyzes the evolution of productivity using plant-level data. Our findings challenge the hypothesis that trade liberalization stifled the manufacturing sector and pushed the economy toward exporting raw materials. Also, our results show that the Chilean industry, after these economic reforms, became more efficient and competitive.

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Paper provided by Central Bank of Chile in its series Working Papers Central Bank of Chile with number 210.

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Date of creation: May 2003
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Handle: RePEc:chb:bcchwp:210

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  1. Costello, Donna M, 1993. "A Cross-Country, Cross-Industry Comparison of Productivity Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 207-22, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Rodrik, Rani, 1995. "Trade and industrial policy reform," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery† & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 45, pages 2925-2982 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Bernard, Andrew B. & Bradford Jensen, J., 1999. "Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 1-25, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Tybout, James & de Melo, Jamie & Corbo, Vittorio, 1991. "The effects of trade reforms on scale and technical efficiency : New evidence from Chile," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3-4), pages 231-250, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Sebastian Edwards, 1994. "Trade and Industrial Policy Reform in Latin America," NBER Working Papers 4772, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Meeusen, Wim & van den Broeck, Julien, 1977. "Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 18(2), pages 435-44, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Aigner, Dennis & Lovell, C. A. Knox & Schmidt, Peter, 1977. "Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 21-37, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Rodrigo Fuentes, 1995. "Openness and economic efficiency: evidence from the Chilean manufacturing industry," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 22(2 Year 19), pages 357-387, December. [Downloadable!]
  9. Lee, Jong-Wha, 1995. "Capital goods imports and long-run growth," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 91-110, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Pavcnik, Nina, 2002. "Trade Liberalization, Exit, and Productivity Improvement: Evidence from Chilean Plants," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 69(1), pages 245-76, January.
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  11. Deraniyagala, Sonali & Fine, Ben, 2001. "New Trade Theory versus Old Trade Policy: A Continuing Enigma," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(6), pages 809-25, November.
  12. Liu, Lili, 1993. "Entry-exit, learning, and productivity change Evidence from Chile," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 217-242, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Edwards, Sebastian, 1992. "Trade orientation, distortions and growth in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 31-57, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Daniel Lederman & William Maloney, 2002. "Open Questions about the Link Between Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Sachs and Warner Revisited," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 141, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
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  1. Brieuc Monfort, 2008. "Chile: Trade Performance,Trade Liberalization, and Competitiveness," IMF Working Papers 08/128, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
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