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Testing for Bubbles in Housing Markets: A Panel Data Approach

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  • Vyacheslav Mikhed
  • Petr Zemcik

Abstract

We employ recently developed cross-sectionally robust panel data tests for unit roots and cointegration to find whether house prices reflect house-related earnings. We use U.S. data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas, with house price measured by the weighted-repeated-sales index, and cash flows either by market tenant rents or estimates of a fair market rent. In our full sample periods, an error-correction model is not appropriate, i.e. there is a bubble. We then combine overlapping ten-year periods, price-rent ratios, and the panel data tests to construct a bubble indicator. The indicator is high for the late 1980s, early 1990s and since the late 1990s for both panels. Finally, evidence based on panel data Granger causality tests suggests that house price changes are helpful in predicting changes in rents and vice versa.

Suggested Citation

  • Vyacheslav Mikhed & Petr Zemcik, 2007. "Testing for Bubbles in Housing Markets: A Panel Data Approach," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp338, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    • Handle: RePEc:cer:papers:wp338
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhi, Tianhao & Li, Zhongfei & Jiang, Zhiqiang & Wei, Lijian & Sornette, Didier, 2019. "Is there a housing bubble in China?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 120-132.
    2. Christophe Andr頍 & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Rangan Gupta, 2014. "Testing for persistence in housing price-to-income and price-to-rent ratios in 16 OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(18), pages 2127-2138, June.
    3. Mikhed, Vyacheslav & Zemcík, Petr, 2009. "Do house prices reflect fundamentals? Aggregate and panel data evidence," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 140-149, June.
    4. Darrell Jiajie Tay & Chung-I Chou & Sai-Ping Li & Shang You Tee & Siew Ann Cheong, 2016. "Bubbles Are Departures from Equilibrium Housing Markets: Evidence from Singapore and Taiwan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.
    5. MeiChi Huang, 2013. "The Role of People’s Expectation in the Recent US Housing Boom and Bust," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 452-479, April.
    6. Benjamas Jirasakuldech & Riza Emekter & Thuy Bui, 2023. "Non-linear structures, chaos, and bubbles in U.S. regional housing markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(1), pages 63-93, March.
    7. Tianhao Zhi & Zhongfei Li & Zhiqiang Jiang & Lijian Wei & Didier Sornette, 2018. "Is there a housing bubble in China," Papers 1801.03678, arXiv.org.
    8. J. R. Kim & K. Chung, 2014. "Regime switching and the (in)stability of the price-rent relationship: evidence from the US," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(33), pages 4041-4052, November.
    9. Kholodilin Konstantin A. & Menz Jan-Oliver & Siliverstovs Boriss, 2010. "What Drives Housing Prices Down? Evidence from an International Panel," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 230(1), pages 59-76, February.
    10. Kim, Jan R. & Lim, Gieyoung, 2016. "Fundamentals and rational bubbles in the Korean housing market: A modified present-value approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 174-181.
    11. Phuong Lan Le & Anh Tuan Do & Anh Ngoc Pham, 2023. "What Influenced Hanoi’s Apartment Price Bubble between 2010 and 2021?," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, August.
    12. Christian Tutin, 2010. "Qu'est-il arrivé aux marchés du logement ?," Post-Print hal-01811775, HAL.
    13. Галенкова А.Д.* & Мариев О.С.** & Никитин М.В.*** & Юнусова И.М.****, 2019. "Эконометрическое Исследование Пузырей На Рынках Недвижимости России," Журнал Экономика и математические методы (ЭММ), Центральный Экономико-Математический Институт (ЦЭМИ), vol. 55(4), pages 43-56, октябрь.
    14. Gogas, Periklis & Pragidis, Ioannis, 2010. "Does the Interest Risk Premium Predict Housing Prices?," DUTH Research Papers in Economics 1-2010, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Economics.
    15. Esposti, Roberto, 2008. "Why Should Regional Agricultural Productivity Growth Converge? Evidence from Italian Regions," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 43955, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Philipp Klotz & Tsoyu Calvin Lin & Shih-Hsun Hsu, 2013. "Property Bubbles and the Driving Forces in the PIGS Countries," ERES eres2013_144, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    17. Marcelo M. de Oliveira & Alexandre C. L. Almeida, 2014. "Testing for rational speculative bubbles in the Brazilian residential real-estate market," Papers 1401.7615, arXiv.org.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cointegration; panel data; unit root; bubble; house prices; rents.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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