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Mixed Strategy Play and the Minimax Hypothesis

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Jason M. Shachat

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Abstract

This paper reports on a set of experiments designed to discriminate among the possible sources of the failure of the unique mixed strategy minimax equilibrium of the O'Neill (1987) game. First, the experimental design allows one to identify the causes of the serial correlation in subjects' action choices. Second, the design allows one to discriminate among a set of mixed strategies which generate distributions over actions and wins similar to the distributions generated by the minimax strategy. This is accomplished by introducing a new methodology for eliciting mixed strategies, which overcomes some of the difficulties with previous experimental attempts to directly observe mixed strategies. The results clearly show that subjects' choices do not coincide with their minimax strategies, and that players' intended behavior is not minimax. Analysis of the data also reveals that subjects adopt a wide variety of strategies. It is shown that this heterogeneity can rationalize some of the features of the aggregate data that are consistent with the predictions made by the minimax hypothesis.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics, UC San Diego in its series University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series with number 96-37.

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Date of creation: Nov 1996
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Handle: RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:96-37

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Mookherjee Dilip & Sopher Barry, 1994. "Learning Behavior in an Experimental Matching Pennies Game," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 62-91, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Brown, James N & Rosenthal, Robert W, 1990. "Testing the Minimax Hypothesis: A Re-examination of O'Neill's Game Experiment," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 58(5), pages 1065-81, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Robert W. Rosenthal & Jason Shachat & Mark Walker, 2003. "Hide and Seek in Arizona," Experimental 0312001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Teck H Ho & Colin Camerer & Juin-Kuan Chong, 2003. "Functional EWA: A one-parameter theory of learning in games," Levine's Bibliography 506439000000000514, UCLA Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Jason Shachat & J. Todd Swarthout, 2003. "Learning about Learning in Games through Experimental Control of Strategic Interdependence," Experimental 0310003, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Steven Scroggin, 2004. "Bounded Rationality in Randomization," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2003-13, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  5. Sourav Bhattacharya, 2006. "Campaign Rhetoric and the Hide-and-Seek Game," Working Papers 326, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Economics, revised Jun 2007. [Downloadable!]
  6. Killion, M. Ulric, 2009. "Relation of Game Theory to Economic History and Marginalism," MPRA Paper 13378, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  7. John Van Huyck & Frederick Rankin & Raymond Battalio, 1999. "What Does it Take to Eliminate the use of a Strategy Strictly Dominated by a Mixture?," Experimental Economics, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 129-150, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. John Wooders & Jason M. Shachat, 1997. "On the Irrelevance of Risk Attitudes in Repeated Two-Outcome Games," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 97-34, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
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