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Inter and Intra-Ethnic Comparisons of the Central City Suburban Youth Employment Differential: Evidence from the Oakland Metropolitan Area

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Steven Raphael
Abstract

This paper compares the employment and activity outcomes of youths residing in a low-growth area to youths residing in a high-growth area within the Oakland Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. Using data from the 5% Census Public Use Microdata Sample, I find that residing in a low-employment growth area has a strong negative effect on both the probability of being employed and the probability of being active, defined as being either employed or in school. The large adverse employment effect remains after controlling extensively for personal and family background characteristics. In separate race/ethnicity specific model estimations, differential effects of geography on youth outcomes are found for youths of different racial and ethnic groups.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics, UC San Diego in its series University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series with number 96-30r.

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Date of creation: Jun 1997
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Handle: RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:96-30r

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  1. Price, Richard & Mills, Edwin, 1985. "Race and residence in earnings determination," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. O'Regan, Katherine M. & Quigley, John M., 1991. "Labor market access and labor market outcomes for urban youth," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 277-293, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Danziger, Sheldon & Weinstein, Michael, 1976. "Employment location and wage rates of poverty-area residents," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 127-145, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Katherine M. O'Regan and John M. Quigley., 1996. "Spatial Effects upon Employment Outcomes: The Case of New Jersey Teenagers," Economics Working Papers 96-247, University of California at Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Harry J. Holzer & Keith R. Ihlanfeldt, 1996. "Spatial factors and the employment of blacks at the firm level," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue May, pages 65-86. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Steven Raphael, 1997. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis and Black Youth Joblessness: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 97-04, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ihlanfeldt, Keith R & Sjoquist, David L, 1990. "Job Accessibility and Racial Differences in Youth Employment Rates," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(1), pages 267-76, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Mooney, Joseph D, 1969. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment and Metropolitan Decentralization: An Alternative Perspective," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 83(2), pages 299-311, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Anne C. Case & Lawrence F. Katz, 1991. "The Company You Keep: The Effects of Family and Neighborhood on Disad- vantaged Youths," NBER Working Papers 3705, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Zax, Jeffrey S & Kain, John F, 1996. "Moving to the Suburbs: Do Relocating Companies Leave Their Black Employees Behind?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(3), pages 472-504, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Offner, Paul & Saks, Daniel H, 1971. "A Note on John Kain's 'Housing Segregation, Negro Employment and Metropolitan Decentralization'," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 85(1), pages 147-60, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. David T. Ellwood, 1986. "The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Teenage Jobs Missing in the Ghetto?," NBER Chapters, in: The Black Youth Employment Crisis, pages 147-190 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
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