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La fuite des cerveaux incite-t-elle la scolarisation ?

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  • Matthieu BOUSSICHAS

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    Abstract

    L'�migration de travailleurs issus des pays en d�veloppement vers ceux dits d�velopp�s est relativement plus qualifi�e que la moyenne mondiale des travailleurs. Ceci engendre pour certains de ces PED une perte directe en capital humain non-n�gligeable. Une vision "optimiste" (Stark(1997)) vise � imaginer une possible compensation de cette perte par le fait qu'il existerait un ph�nom�ne d'incitation � la scolarisation lorsque le taux d'�migration augmente. Nous construisons un mod�le th�orique de " Brain gain " afin de d�terminer si le niveau actuel d'�migration qualifi�e des pays en d�veloppement est trop �lev�, et si l'effet d'incitation imagin� par Stark existe. Th�oriquement, une augmentation de l'�migration des travailleurs �duqu�s peut�tre b�n�fique si le taux d'�migration qualifi�e reste relativement faible. Il existe un taux optimal qui maximise les b�n�fices de ces d�parts mais les r�sultats montrent que ce type d'�migration est aujourd'hui trop �lev� dans les pays en d�veloppement. Ces b�n�fices proviennent essentiellement de l'effet du retour des migrants. L'analyse �conom�trique montre qu'une plus grande ouverture des fronti�res des pays d�velopp�s aux travailleurs �migrants qualifi�s a un effet nul sur les taux d'inscription dans le secondaire et le sup�rieur, et un effet n�gatif sur le niveau d'�ducation global des pays en d�veloppement. Si nous admettons qu'une augmentation de l'�migration qualifi�e peut �tre b�n�fique sous certaines conditions, nous ne soutenons pas l'id�e d'un �ventuel " Brain gain � la Stark ".

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    File URL: http://publi.cerdi.org/ed/2008/2008.07.pdf
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    Bibliographic Info

    Paper provided by CERDI in its series Working Papers with number 200807.

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    Length: 61
    Date of creation: 2008
    Date of revision:
    Handle: RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1034

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    Keywords: Brain drain; fuite des cerveaux; Brain gain; capital humain;

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