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Ayuda externa en Bolivia (1985-2003): auge y caída del neoliberalismo

Author

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  • Fernando De La Cruz Prego

Abstract

Desde 1985 la ayuda externa fue una variable central para el proceso de desarrollo de Bolivia. Las necesidades financieras derivadas de la doble crisis de deuda externa e hiperinflación obligaron a sus gobernantes a recurrir de manera masiva a la ayuda internacional para estabilizar y reestructurar la economía. Esta dependencia financiera de la ayuda, junto con la coincidencia ideológica entre los sucesivos gobiernos bolivianos y los principales proveedores de ayuda, allanó el camino para la implantación del modelo neoliberal como nuevo eje del desarrollo boliviano. Sin embargo, dos décadas más tarde —y tras más de 12.000 millones de dólares de ayuda—, este modelo se mostró incapaz de ofrecer tasas de crecimiento sostenibles, el país presentaba uno de los niveles de pobreza y desigualdad más elevados del continente, y las finanzas públicas seguían dependiendo sustancialmente de la ayuda externa. Este artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por la ayuda externa durante las dos décadas de neoliberalismo boliviano.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernando De La Cruz Prego, 2011. "Ayuda externa en Bolivia (1985-2003): auge y caída del neoliberalismo," Documentos de trabajo sobre cooperación y desarrollo 201101, Cátedra de Cooperación Internacional y con Iberoamérica (COIBA), Universidad de Cantabria.
    • Handle: RePEc:cci:wpaper:201101
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lykke E. Andersen & José Luis Evia, 2003. "La Efectividad de la Ayuda Externa en Bolivia," Development Research Working Paper Series 02/2003, Institute for Advanced Development Studies.
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    3. Morales, Juan Antonio, 1994. "Ajuste Macroeconómico y Reformas Estructurales en Bolivia, 1985 - 1994," Documentos de trabajo 7/1994, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana.
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    5. Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2003. "El rumbo de las reformas. Hacia una nueva agenda para América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    6. Juan Antonio Morales & Jeffrey D. Sachs, 1989. "Bolivia's Economic Crisis," NBER Chapters, in: Developing Country Debt and the World Economy, pages 57-80, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Mostajo Guardia, Rossana, 2000. "Gasto social y distribución del ingreso: caracterización e impacto redistributivo en países seleccionados de América Latina y el Caribe," Series Históricas 7603, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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    Keywords

    Bolivia; ayuda externa; impacto de la ayuda; neoliberalismo;
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