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Inequality in Infant Survival Rates in India: Identification of State-Dependence Effects

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Author Info
Wiji Arulampalam
Sonia Bhalotra ()

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Abstract

Data from a number of regions indicate that childhood deaths are unequally distributed across families. This has been identified, in previous research, with (observed and unobserved) heterogeneity between families. In this paper, we investigate whether, on top of these correlated risks, there is a causal process at work within families, whereby the death of a child elevates the risk of death of the succeeding sibling. Borrowing language from the unemployment literature, the causal process is termed state dependence or scarring. To the extent that scarring exists, a social multiplier comes into play, raising the payoff to policies that reduce infant mortality. Acknowledging scarring effects is also potentially relevant to understanding the relation of mortality and fertility behaviour within families. The analysis is conducted using data for the 15 major states of India. Large scarring effects are observed in 14 of the 15 states.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics, University of Bristol, UK in its series Bristol Economics Discussion Papers with number 04/558.

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Length: 40 pages
Date of creation: May 2004
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Handle: RePEc:bri:uobdis:04/558

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Related research
Keywords: Death clustering; infant mortality; state dependence; scarring; unobserved heterogeneity; dynamic random effects logit; India;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General
I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
O1 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development

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  15. Behrman, Jere R & Wolfe, Barbara L, 1984. "The Socioeconomic Impact of Schooling in a Developing Country," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 66(2), pages 296-303, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Wiji Arulampalam & Sonia Bhalotra, 2006. "Persistence in Infant Mortality: Evidence for the Indian States," IZA Discussion Papers 2488, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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