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The role of expectations in estimates of the NAIRU in the United States and the United Kingdom

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Author Info
Rebecca L Driver
Jennifer V Greenslade
Richard G Pierse

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Abstract

During the second half of the 1990s the US economy was characterised as the Goldilocks economy: not too hot, nor too cold, but just right. It was argued that this represented a new paradigm, enabling unemployment to remain low without igniting inflationary pressure. In this paper the evidence for a change in the relationship between inflation and unemployment is examined and the US experience compared with that of the United Kingdom within a common analytical framework. To that end, Phillips-curve models are employed based on estimates of time-varying NAIRUs, obtained using the Kalman filter. The impact of including explicit inflation expectations is also considered. This channel has not been explored in previous work based on Kalman filter estimates of the NAIRU for the United States and United Kingdom. Inflation expectations are found to play a particularly important role in the United States. When expectations are included there is still evidence that the NAIRU steadily declined during the late 1990s, although this decline in the US NAIRU is not found solely in the 1990s.

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Paper provided by Bank of England in its series Bank of England working papers with number 180.

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Handle: RePEc:boe:boeewp:180

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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  7. Dean Croushore, 1993. "Introducing: the survey of professional forecasters," Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue Nov, pages 3-15. [Downloadable!]
  8. Robert J. Gordon, 1998. "Foundations of the Goldilocks Economy: Supply Shocks and the Time-Varying NAIRU," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 29(1998-2), pages 297-346. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Staiger, Douglas & Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 1997. "The NAIRU, Unemployment and Monetary Policy," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 11(1), pages 33-49, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. David Gruen & Adrian Pagan & Christopher Thompson, 1999. "The Phillips Curve in Australia," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp1999-01, Reserve Bank of Australia. [Downloadable!]
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  16. Batchelor, Roy A & Orr, Adrian B, 1988. "Inflation Expectations Revisited," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 55(219), pages 317-31, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  20. Thomas Laubach, 1997. "Measuring the NAIRU : evidence from seven economies," Research Working Paper 97-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
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  21. Douglas O. Staiger & James H. Stock & Mark W. Watson, 1997. "How Precise Are Estimates of the Natural Rate of Unemployment?," NBER Chapters, in: Reducing Inflation: Motivation and Strategy, pages 195-246 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
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  22. Rotemberg, Julio J, 1982. "Sticky Prices in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(6), pages 1187-1211, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Jennifer V Greenslade & Richard G Pierse & Jumana Saleheen, . "A Kalman filter approach to estimating the UK NAIRU," Bank of England working papers 179, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  2. Jaromír Hurník & David Navrátil, 2005. "Labor-Market Performance and Macroeconomic Policy: Time-Varying NAIRU in the Czech Republic (in English)," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 55(1-2), pages 25-40, January. [Downloadable!]
  3. Jaromír Hurník & David Navrátil, 2005. "Potential Output In The Czech Republic: A Production Function Approach," Prague Economic Papers, University of Economics, Prague, vol. 2005(3), pages 253-266. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Beissinger, Thomas, 2004. "Strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa: Eine Bestandsaufnahme," Regensburger Diskussionsbeiträge zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft 389, University of Regensburg, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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