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¿Está Determinado el Nivel de Precios por las Expectativas de Dinero y Producto en Colombia?

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  • Martha Misas
  • Carlos Esteban Posada
  • Diego Mauricio Vásquez

Abstract

La corriente tradicional de investigación teórica y empírica conocida como la “teoría cuantitativa del dinero” ha sostenido que la cantidad de éste es el principal factor determinante del nivel de precios. Pero no siempre ha habido un consenso al respecto. Por ejemplo, hay quienes interpretan la ejecución de la estrategia denominada “inflation targeting” (IT), utilizada en la actualidad por muchos bancos centrales para alcanzar una meta de inflación, entre ellos el colombiano, como síntoma de una supuesta irrelevancia de la cantidad de dinero para la determinación del nivel de precios o de su tasa de aumento, la inflación1. Es más, entre los funcionarios encargados de la política monetaria de Estados Unidos2 habría una tendencia inclinada a rechazar las enseñanzas de la teoría cuantitativa, a juzgar por la siguiente afirmación: “A consensus has emerged among practitioners that the instrument of monetary policy ought to be the short-term interest rate, that policy should be focused on the control of inflation, and that inflation can be reduced by increasing short-term interest rates. At the center of this consensus is a rejection of the quantity theory. ...” (Alvarez et al. [2001]). Aunque no creemos que exista necesariamente incompatibilidad entre la teoría cuantitativa y la estrategia IT o los modelos más utilizados para explicar y defender tal estrategia, si es indudable que tanto su diseño como su ejecución y divulgación en la opinión pública pueden tener diversas interpretaciones, siendo algunas contrarias a dicha teoría3. A nuestro jucio, el hecho de que la estrategia IT sea percibida, en ocasiones, como “anticuantitativista” es una de las razones para volver a poner a prueba la hipótesis cuantitativa según la cual la cantidad de dinero y el ingreso real son determinantes fundamentales del nivel de precios.
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  • Martha Misas & Carlos Esteban Posada & Diego Mauricio Vásquez, 2001. "¿Está Determinado el Nivel de Precios por las Expectativas de Dinero y Producto en Colombia?," Borradores de Economia 191, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:191
    DOI: 10.32468/be.191
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    1. John Y. Campbell & Pierre Perron, 1991. "Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know about Unit Roots," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1991, Volume 6, pages 141-220, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Luis Eduardo Arango, 1999. "Componentes no observados de la inflación en Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, June.
    3. Martha Misas A. & Hugo Oliveros C. & José Darío Uribe E., 1994. "Especificación y estabilidad de la demanda por dinero en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 13(25), pages 97-120, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Ordonez Callamand & Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia & Daniel Parra-Amado, 2018. "Una exploración reciente a la demanda por dinero en Colombia bajo un enfoque no lineal," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 21(1), pages 5-37, June.
    2. Ignacio Lozano, 2009. "Budget Deficit, Money Growth and Inflation: Evidence from the Colombian case," Money Affairs, CEMLA, vol. 0(1), pages 65-95, January-J.
    3. Andrés Felipe Londono & Jorge Andrés Tamayo & Carlos Alberto Velásquez, 2012. "Dinámica de la política monetaria e inflación objetivo en Colombia: una aproximación FAVAR," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 30(68), pages 14-71, June.
    4. Juan José Echavarría Soto & Enrique López Enciso & Martha Misas Arango & Juana Téllez Corredor & Juan Carlos Parra Álvarez, 2007. "La tasa de interés natural en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 25(54), pages 44-89, June.
    5. Miguel Urrutia, 2002. "UNA VISIÓN ALTERNATIVA: La Política Monetaria y Cambiaria en la Última Década," Borradores de Economia 3731, Banco de la Republica.
    6. Juan José Echavarría & Enrique López Enciso & Martha Misas Arango & Juana Tellez Corredor, 2006. "La Tasa de Interés Natural en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 3088, Banco de la Republica.
    7. Miguel Urrutia, 2002. "UNA VISION ALTERNATIVA: La Política Monetaria y Cambiaria en la Ültima Década," Borradores de Economia 207, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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