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Problemas en la medición del IPC, el Caso Colombiano

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  • Edgar Caicedo

Abstract

Este trabajo reseña los diferentes sesgos presentes en la medición del IPC en Colombia y cuantifica la magnitud del sesgo por sustitución en el consumo. Para esto último, se computó el IPC con diferentes formúlas de números índices (Laspeyres, Pasche, media geométrica, Ideal de Fisher y Tornqvist) y se analizó el nivel, la inflación y el sesgo por sustitución. Este último indicador se construyó identificando la diferencia, en porcentaje o en puntos porcentuales, de cualquier índice numérico con respecto a un índice que nos aproxima correctamente a un verdadero Ïndice de Costo de Vida, en este caso el ïndice Tornqvist encadenado. Los resultados obtenidos verifican que el índice utilizado por el DANE (Laspeyres) sobreestimó sistemáticamente la inflación al consumidor en 0.7 puntos porcentuales por año en el período 1989-1998, con un rango de sobreestimación que va de 0.2 puntos porcentuales en 1991 a 1.0 puntos en 1997. Adicionalmente, el documento presenta una evaluación de la nueva metodología del IPC del DANE (IPC -98), con el objetivo de identificar las diferentes innovaciones metodológicas incorporadas en la nueva canasta, las cuales permiten corregir o reducir los diferentes sesgos en el cálculo del IPC en Colombia.

Suggested Citation

  • Edgar Caicedo, 2000. "Problemas en la medición del IPC, el Caso Colombiano," Borradores de Economia 152, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:152
    DOI: 10.32468/be.152
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cabredo, Pedro & Valdivia, Luis, 1998. "Problemas en la medición de la inflación," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 3, pages 1-16.
    2. Feenstra, Robert C, 1995. "Exact Hedonic Price Indexes," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 77(4), pages 634-653, November.
    3. Braithwait, Steven D, 1980. "The Substitution Bias of the Laspeyres Price Index: An Analysis Using Estimated Cost-of-Living Indexes," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(1), pages 64-77, March.
    4. Diewert, W. E., 1976. "Exact and superlative index numbers," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 115-145, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Francisco Javier Lasso Valderrama, 2008. "Impacto de los cambios de precios relativos en pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: 1998-2007," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, November.
    2. Andrés Langebaek & Edgar Caicedo, 2007. "Sesgo de medición del IPC: nueva evidencia para Colombia," Borradores de Economia 435, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Edgar Caicedo-García & Jesús Daniel Sarmiento-Sarmiento & Ramón Hernández-Ortega, 2022. "Inflación y covid -19: un ejercicio para Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 25(1), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Edgar Caicedo-García & Jesús Daniel Sarmiento-Sarmiento & Ramón Hernández-Ortega, 2022. "Inflación y Covid-19: un ejercicio para Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1198, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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