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Map of the international exposure of the Spanish economy

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  • Miguel García-Posada

    () (Banco de España)

  • Josep M.ª Vilarrubia

    () (Banco de España)

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    Abstract

    This paper analyses the levels of interdependence and risk that take place in the economic relations between Spain and a large number of countries. Bilateral data on commercial and financial links between Spain and the rest of the world are used in order to build, by means of a Principal Components Analysis, an interdependence index between Spain and each country. Moreover, the aggregation by means of the same technique of several measures of risk, such as sovereign credit ratings and more general ones, enables to construct a risk index for each country. By combining the information of both indices, it is found that the greatest exposures of the Spanish economy occur with countries which are associated to low levels of risk (mainly the OECD), whereas the highest exposures that are related to intermediate levels of risk happen with Latin American countries and exporters of energy products.

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    Bibliographic Info

    Paper provided by Banco de España in its series Banco de España Occasional Papers with number 0807.

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    Length: 64 pages
    Date of creation: Aug 2008
    Date of revision:
    Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:0807

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    Related research

    Keywords: commercial integration; financial integration; energy dependence; risk;

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    References

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    1. Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas & Hélène Rey, 2007. "From World Banker to World Venture Capitalist: U.S. External Adjustment and the Exorbitant Privilege," NBER Chapters, in: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment, pages 11-66 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Maurice Obstfeld & Kenneth Rogoff, 2000. "The Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics: Is There a Common Cause?," NBER Working Papers 7777, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Rauch, James E., 1999. "Networks versus markets in international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 7-35, June.
    4. Rose, Andrew K & Spiegel, Mark, 2002. "A Gravity Model of International Lending: Trade, Default and Credit," CEPR Discussion Papers 3539, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Philip R. Lane & Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, 2007. "A Global Perspective on External Positions," NBER Chapters, in: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment, pages 67-102 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2004. "Trade Costs," NBER Working Papers 10480, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Richard Cantor & Frank Packer, 1996. "Determinants and impact of sovereign credit ratings," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue Oct, pages 37-53.
    8. António Afonso, 2002. "Understanding the Determinants of Government Debt Ratings: Evidence for the Two Leading Agencies," Working Papers 2002/02, Department of Economics at the School of Economics and Management (ISEG), Technical University of Lisbon..
    9. repec:tcd:wpaper:tep16 is not listed on IDEAS
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