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The Macroeconomic Impact Of Bank Capital Requirements In Emerging Economies: Past Evidence To Assess The Future

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Author Info
Maria Concetta Chiuri () (Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche - Università di Bari)
Giovanni Ferri (Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche - Università di Bari)
Giovanni Majnoni (World Bank)

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Abstract

We test for emerging economies the hypothesis - previously verified for G-10 countries only - that the enforcement of bank capital asset requirements (CARs) exerts a detrimental effect on the supply of credit. The econometric analysis on individual bank data suggests three main results. First, CAR enforcement - according to the 1988 Basel standard - significantly curtailed credit supply, particularly at less-well capitalized banks. Second, such negative impact was larger for countries enforcing CARs in the aftermath of a currency/financial crisis. Third, the adverse impact of CARs on the credit supply was significantly smaller for foreign-owned banks, suggesting that opening up to foreign investors may be an effective way to partly shield the domestic banking sector from negative shocks. Overall, CAR enforcement - by inducing banks to reduce their lending - may well have induced an aggregate credit slowdown or contraction in the examined emerging countries. This paper is relevant to the ongoing debate on the impact of the revision of bank CARs, as contemplated by the 1999 Basel proposal. Our results suggest that in several emerging economies the revision of bank CARs could well induce a credit supply retrenchment, which should not be underestimated.

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Paper provided by Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche - Università di Bari in its series series with number 0002.

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Note: We wish to thank Hosook Hwang for valuable research assistance. Helpful comments were provided by Jerry Caprio, Patrick Honohan and Vasso Ioannidou. In addition, we are grateful to the IMF for having granted us permission to access the archive of the Article IV Consultation documents. The authors are exclusively responsible for the contents of the paper, which should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent.
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Related research
Keywords: bank capital asset requirements; capital crunch;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages
G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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  1. Gabriel Asaftei & Subal Kumbhakar, 2008. "Regulation and efficiency in transition: the case of Romanian banks," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 253-282, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. David VanHoose, 2008. "Bank Capital Regulation, Economic Stability, and Monetary Policy: What Does the Academic Literature Tell Us?," Atlantic Economic Journal, International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 36(1), pages 1-14, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Ana María Iregui & Costas Milas & Jesus Otero, 2002. "On the dynamics of lending and deposit interest rates in emerging markets:a non-linear approach," Public Policy Discussion Papers 02-29, Economics and Finance Section, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Cavallo, Michele & Majnoni, Giovanni, 2001. "Do Banks provision for bad loans in good times? empirical evidence and policy implications," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2619, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  5. repec:bep:buspol:6:2004:2:1091-1091 is not listed on IDEAS
  6. Linda Allen & Anthony Saunders, 2004. "Incorporating Systemic Influences Into Risk Measurements: A Survey of the Literature," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 161-191, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Chakraborty, Suparna & Allen, Linda, 2007. "Revisiting the Level Playing Field: International Lending Responses to Divergences in Japanese Bank Capital Regulations from the Basel Accord," MPRA Paper 1805, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  8. Luc Laeven & Giovanni Majnoni, 2002. "Loan loss provisioning and economic slowdowns: too much too late?," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. Adolfo Barajas & Ralph Chami & Thomas F. Cosimano, 2005. "Did the Basel Accord cause a Credit Slowdown in Latin America?," IMF Working Papers 05/38, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  10. Donsyah Yudistira, 2004. "Efficiency of Islamic Banks: an Empirical Analysis of 18 Banks," Finance 0406007, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  11. Irina Bunda & Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet, 2003. "Bank Liquidity and Exchange Rate Regimes," Post-Print hal-00422622_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
  12. Agenor, Pierre-Richard & Pereira da Silva, Luiz A., 2009. "Cyclical effects of bank capital requirements with imperfect credit markets," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5067, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  13. Birgit Schmitz, 2007. "The impact of Basel I capital regulation on bank deposits and loans: Empirical evidence for Europe," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2006 42, Money Macro and Finance Research Group. [Downloadable!]
  14. Ralph Chami & Mohsin S. Khan & Sunil Sharma, 2003. "Emerging Issues in Banking Regulation," IMF Working Papers 03/101, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
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