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Descentralización en Latinoamérica desde una perspectiva de países pequeños: Bolivia, El Salvador, Ecuador y Nicaragua

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Author Info
Francisco Javier Arz ()
Jorge Martinez-Vazquez () (International Studies Program. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University)

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Abstract

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es examinar, comparar y extraer lecciones del proceso de descentralización en cuatro países latinoamericanos de pequeño tamaño. Varias lecciones se desprenden de este ejercicio. Primero, el proceso de descentralización puede ser virtualmente tan exigente y complejo en un país pequeño, como Nicaragua, como en un país muchas veces mayor, como México. Segundo, no existe una forma única y superior de descentralización fiscal. Tercero, consciente ó inconscientemente los países toman la decisión, con grandes consecuencias, de reformar el proceso de descentralización de una forma evolutiva y gradual, ó de una forma comprensiva y de golpe. Cuarto, el proceso de descentralización se puede realizar reforzando y apoyando las instituciones tradicionales descentralizadas, en particular los municipios, ó se puede realizar creando nuevas instituciones descentralizadas. Quinto, aunque la descentralización somete retos técnicos importantes, la descentralización es inminentemente un proceso político exigido a veces desde abajo ó como una solución desde arriba. La discusión se concentra en seis áreas principales: estructura vertical del gobierno, asignación de ingresos y sistema de transferencias, asignación de gastos, proceso presupuestario municipal y acceso al crédito por los municipios.

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Paper provided by International Studies Program, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University in its series International Studies Program Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU with number paper0303.

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Length: 41 pages
Date of creation: 01 Mar 2003
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Handle: RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper0303

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Related research
Keywords: Decentralization;

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. William Dillinger & Steven B. Webb, 1999. "Fiscal management in federal democracies: Argentina and Brazil," ECONÓMICA, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, vol. 0(3), pages 423-483. [Downloadable!]
  2. Charles E. McLure, Jr. & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 1998. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Vietnam," International Studies Program Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper9802, International Studies Program, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University. [Downloadable!]
  3. Rowland, Allison M., 2001. "Population as a Determinant of Local Outcomes under Decentralization: Illustrations from Small Municipalities in Bolivia and Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(8), pages 1373-1389, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Dillinger, William & Webb, Steven B., 1999. "Fiscal management in federal democracies : Argentina and Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2121, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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