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Credit Constraints And Training After Job Loss

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Author Info
Bruce Chapman
Thomas F. Crossley
Taejong Kim

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Abstract

It is a widely held view that imperfect capital markets mean that individuals from poor backgrounds cannot borrow in order to finance educational investments. This view pervades policy formation, and is reflected in the fact that post-compulsory education processes in all countries involve considerable government intervention and large public subsidies. But are the existence of credit constraints an empirical reality? This paper uses unique data to take a new approach to this question. Specifically, the 1995 Canadian Out of Employment Panel (COEP) allows us to explore the financial resources and skill formation choices of a large number of recent job losers. This approach has several advantages, including: a direct test of the role of finances in determining training; the availability of considerable information concerning individual histories; and the fact that the unemployed are a particularly apposite group with which to explore the questions of credit constraints. We find that credit constraints do appear to limit the human capital investments of a significant minority of job seekers. In particular, controlling for a broad range of background characteristics (including past educational investments and labour market outcomes), the possession of liquid assets at the time of job loss is strongly associated with subsequent self-financed training. This basic finding is corroborated with several different kinds of evidence drawn from the survey. The data also allow us to make a rough estimate of the extent to which participation in training would have been increased, had no part of our sample been credit constrained.

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Paper provided by Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University in its series CEPR Discussion Papers with number 466.

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Length: 29 pages
Date of creation: Aug 2003
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Handle: RePEc:auu:dpaper:466

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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  2. Allen, H L & McCormick, B & O'Brien, R J, 1991. "Unemployment and the Demand for Retraining: An Econometric Analysis," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101(405), pages 190-201, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Stephen V. Cameron & James J. Heckman, 2001. "The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 109(3), pages 455-499, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Jappelli, Tullio, 1990. "Who Is Credit Constrained in the U.S. Economy?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 105(1), pages 219-34, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. James Heckman & Neil Hohmann & Jeffrey Smith, 1998. "Substitution and Dropout Bias in Social Experiments: A Study of an Influential Social Experiment," UWO Department of Economics Working Papers 9819, University of Western Ontario, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Thomas J. Kane & Cecilia Elena Rouse, 1999. "The Community College: Educating Students at the Margin between College and Work," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 13(1), pages 63-84, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. LaLonde, Robert J, 1995. "The Promise of Public Sector-Sponsored Training Programs," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(2), pages 149-68, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Altonji, Joseph G & Dunn, Thomas A, 1996. "The Effects of Family Characteristics on the Return to Education," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(4), pages 692-704, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. David B. Gross & Nicholas S. Souleles, 2002. "Do Liquidity Constraints And Interest Rates Matter For Consumer Behavior? Evidence From Credit Card Data," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 117(1), pages 149-185, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Jonathan Gruber, 1994. "The Consumption Smoothing Benefits of Unemployment Insurance," NBER Working Papers 4750, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Martin S. Feldstein, 1975. "The Importance of Temporary Layoffs: An Empirical Analysis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 6(1975-3), pages 725-745. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Joshua D. Angrist, 1993. "The effect of veterans' benefits on education and earnings," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 46(4), pages 637-652, July.
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  21. Norm, et al Park, 1996. "An Assessment of the Impact of Government-Sponsored Training," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 29(s1), pages 93-98, April.
  22. Martin Browning & Thomas F. Crossley, 2001. "The Life-Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(3), pages 3-22, Summer. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  23. Feldstein, Martin S, 1976. "Temporary Layoffs in the Theory of Unemployment," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 84(5), pages 937-57, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  24. Kehoe, Timothy J & Levine, David K, 1993. "Debt-Constrained Asset Markets," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 60(4), pages 865-88, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  25. Stephen Cameron & Christopher Taber, 2000. "Borrowing Constraints and the Returns to Schooling," NBER Working Papers 7761, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  26. Souleles, Nicholas S., 2000. "College tuition and household savings and consumption," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 185-207, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Nicola Pavoni & Giovanni L. Violante, 2005. "Optimal welfare-to-work programs," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 143, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Bruce Chapman, 2005. "Income Contingent Loans for Higher Education: International Reform," CEPR Discussion Papers 491, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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