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Migração Espontânea De Trabalhadores No Setor Sucroalcooleiro

Author

Listed:
  • Moraes, Marcia Azanha Dias Ferraz De
  • Figueiredo, Margarida Garcia De
  • Oliveira, Fabiola Cristina Ribeiro De
  • Detomini, Euro Roberto

Abstract

Com a reestruturação e modernização do Complexo Agroindustrial (CAI) canavieiro no Estado de São Paulo, milhares de trabalhadores rurais oriundos das regiões mais pobres do Brasil passaram a migrar todos os anos para São Paulo. Estes migrantes vêm para trabalhar no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar e, enxergam nesta atividade uma forma de melhorar as condições de vida, a partir do dinheiro ganho durante a safra. Porém, devido principalmente às questões ambientais, a queima da cana-de-açúcar ficará proibida por lei num futuro próximo. Desta forma, em virtude da proibição da queima da cana-de-açúcar e conseqüente aumento da mecanização na colheita, grande parte desta mão-de-obra estará sem o emprego no corte da cana-de-açúcar. O presente estudo, então, teve como objetivo central analisar o caso dos trabalhadores migrantes espontâneos no Estado de São Paulo, ou seja, daqueles que vêm por conta própria para a colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Procurou-se aqui tentar entender quais são os principais motivos que os levam a migrar para São Paulo todos os anos, bem como quais são as expectativas futuras destas pessoas para quando a colheita da cana-de-açúcar estiver 100% mecanizada, ou seja, para quando não existir mais o emprego no corte manual de cana. A metodologia adotada foi a aplicação de questionários em diversos trabalhadores rurais que vieram para o corte da cana em São Paulo. Além disso, escolheu-se tanto uma cidade dormitório quanto uma cidade de origem destas pessoas, para a realização de diversas visitas, onde pessoas chave foram entrevistadas, com intuito de levantar todas as informações referentes aos impactos sócio-econômicos deste fluxo migratório para as duas cidades. A cidade dormitório escolhida foi o município de Leme (SP), e a cidade de origem foi Pedra Branca (CE). A partir dos resultados do estudo foi possível perceber que de fato o fim do corte manual de cana em São Paulo vai causar diversos impactos, tanto positivos quanto negativos, nestes dois municípios.-----------------------------------With the advent of São Paulo State’s sugarcane agricultural and industrial sector modernisation and restructuring, a massive and yearly migration of thousands of rural labours originally from Brazilian poor regions has emerged to that State. By seeking out on sugarcane manual cutting a better way of improving their life conditions of affordability, such migrants are encouraged to come to this activity because they are likely to make more money during the main sugarcane harvest season, when comparing to their original place. In order to tackle environmental issues (i.e. climate change), sugarcane field burning, which is necessary for manual harvesting, will be forbidden in a near future so that there will be supposedly a scenario of huge unemployment, as this kind of harvesting shall be replaced by mechanised harvest systems. The focus of this work is then to analyse spontaneous worker’s migration from Brazilian poor regions to São Paulo State, which means, the case of those ones who came by themselves for working as sugarcane cutters. The main intentions were to understand the main reasons of people’s every year migration, as well as the expectation of them for when sugarcane sector achieve full mechanisation figures in terms of harvest processes; hence, no longer including cutters’ activity. The survey was carried out by applying questionnaires on several rural labours chosen in their both departure region and destination, being the former Pedra Branca city (Ceará State) and the latter Leme city (São Paulo State), considering that these two places are significant to explain migration processes. Key people from both cities were also interviewed aiming to collect helpful information about possible social and economical local impacts of migratory flows. Insights from the obtained results point that the future absence of sugarcane manual harvesting will impact in positively and negatively way on both places.

Suggested Citation

  • Moraes, Marcia Azanha Dias Ferraz De & Figueiredo, Margarida Garcia De & Oliveira, Fabiola Cristina Ribeiro De & Detomini, Euro Roberto, 2008. "Migração Espontânea De Trabalhadores No Setor Sucroalcooleiro," 46th Congress, July 20-23, 2008, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil 117269, Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administracao e Sociologia Rural (SOBER).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:sbrfsr:117269
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.117269
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    Keywords

    Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries;

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