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Assimetria Na Escolaridade Induz Desigualdades Na Distribuição De Renda No Brasil

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  • Lemos, Jose De Jesus Sousa

Abstract

O estudo objetivou aferir as desigualdades na apropriação da renda no Brasil, regiões e estados, bem como a assimetria em escolaridade. A hipótese central da pesquisa é demonstrar que existe uma relação de causa e efeito entre escolaridade e renda no País. Para atingir aos objetivos a pesquisa lança mãos dos dados brutos publicados pelo IBGE de PIB per capita em nível de municípios, estados, regiões e Brasil para 2005, bem como das Pesquisas Nacionais de Amostras por Domicílios (PNAD) cobrindo o período de 2001 a 2006. Estimam-se as escolaridades médias em todos os estados, regiões e Brasil, bem como as respectivas taxas de aceleração. Com base nessas informações projeta-se o diferencial de tempo necessário para que cada estado, região e o Brasil consigam incrementar um ano de escolaridade média. Através de regressão loglinear, o estudo afere a relação entre escolaridade média e PIB per capita. Os resultados confirmaram a grande assimetria que existe na escolaridade que prevalece nas regiões brasileiras e nos estados. Os desdobramentos dessa escolaridade média apontam que as áreas urbanas de todas as regiões e estados apresentam níveis críticos deste indicador de bem-estar social, notadamente nos estados mais pobres que estão situados nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. A pesquisa mostra que nos estados mais ricos a escolaridade tem taxa de aceleração mais lenta, mas devido aos níveis mais elevados, fazem com que o acréscimo de um ano de escolaridade média requeira menos anos letivos. O incremento do PIB per capita também apresenta uma maior resposta ao incremento de escolaridade nas regiões e estados mais ricos do que nos mais pobres. Por fim como conclusão da pesquisa, pode-se dizer que a permanecer os atuais padrões de assimetria, sobretudo na apropriação da escolaridade, as desigualdade de apropriação da renda tenderão a agravarem-se no Brasil.--------------------------------------------------------This paper had as principal objective to measure both, the inequalities in income distribution and asymmetry in education levels in Brazil, Regions and States. The main hypothesis of this search is to prove a cause-effect relationship between education and income. In order to achieve these objectives we use the IBGE basin data of average GNP at county, States, Regions and Brazilian levels to 2005. We use also the National Research of Household Sample (PNAD) from 2001 to 2006. We estimate the average education in years achieved by every States, Regions and Brazil in that period. We also estimate the acceleration taxes of education levels covering that period. Having these information we could project the differential in time necessary for States, Regions and Brazil increase one year in their average education levels. Throughout regression using logarithmic model the study could measure the relationship between average education levels and per capita GNP. The results confirmed the great education asymmetry which prevails among Regions and Brazilian States. The applied methodology extended to study average education levels in rural and urban areas showed the critic situation of this indicator in rural areas in all Brazilian Regions and States, but this is greater in those poorest States of Northeast and North Region. The results of search showed that richest States have accelerator tax of average education level lesser than the poorest States, but the richest States have greater levels of education. This situation causes the increase of average education level to be faster in the richest States than in the poorest ones. The increase in per capita GNP caused by increase in one year of average education level, as well, is greater in richest States than in the poorest ones. Finally we should conclude that if the asymmetry in the patterns of education continues in Brazil, the inequalities in appropriation of income could be increase.

Suggested Citation

  • Lemos, Jose De Jesus Sousa, 2008. "Assimetria Na Escolaridade Induz Desigualdades Na Distribuição De Renda No Brasil," 46th Congress, July 20-23, 2008, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil 109630, Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administracao e Sociologia Rural (SOBER).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:sbrfsr:109630
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.109630
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    Keywords

    Labor and Human Capital;

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