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To Share or Not to Share? (Non-) Violence, Scarcity and Resource Access in Somali Region, Ethiopia

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Author Info
Bogale, Ayalneh
Korf, Benedikt

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Abstract

It is often argued that environmental scarcity was a trigger and source of violent conflict, in particular in African countries. At the root of such arguments is a simple environmental determinism, which understands scarcity as undermining co-operative relationships between competing resource users. Robert Kaplan popularised this thesis in his argument about "The Coming Anarchy", where he interpreted recent civil wars in Africa as an advent of a fundamental environmental crisis. In our view, this conception disregards the crucial role of local-level institutions in governing competing resource claims. In this paper, we present a case study from the violence-prone Somali Region, Ethiopia. We analyse how agro-pastoralist communities develop sharing arrangements on pasture resources with intruding pastoralist communities in drought years, even though this places additional pressure on their grazing resource. A household survey investigates the determinants for different households in the agro-pastoralist community, asset-poor and wealthy ones, to enter into different types of sharing arrangements. Our findings suggest that resource sharing offers asset-poor households opportunities to stabilise and enhance their asset-base in drought years, providing incentives for co-operative rather than conflictive relations with intruding pastoralists. We conclude that it may depend on potential incentives arising from institutional arrangements, whether competing resource claims in periods of environmental scarcity are resolved peacefully or violently.

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Paper provided by Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences in its series Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers with number 18842.

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Date of creation: 2005
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Handle: RePEc:ags:huiain:18842

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Keywords: Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Eggers, Jorg & Laschewski, Lutz & Schleyer, Christian, 2004. "Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration," Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers 18832, Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  2. Bromley, D.W. & Cernea, M.M., 1989. "The Management Of Common Property Natural Resources - Some Conceptual And Operational Fallacies," World Bank - Discussion Papers 57, World Bank.
  3. Jörg Eggers & Lutz Laschewski & Christian Schleyer, 2004. "Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany - Understanding the Role of Regional Administration," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 0404, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  4. Brent Swallow & Daniel Bromley, 1995. "Institutions, governance and incentives in common property regimes for African rangelands," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 6(2), pages 99-118, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. North, Douglass C, 1991. "Institutions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 5(1), pages 97-112, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Azam, J.P., 2001. "The Redistributive State and Conflicts in Africa," Working Papers Series 2001-3, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  7. Timothy Moss, 2005. "?Dissecting Institutions? - Bestandteile einer institutionellen Konfiguration am Beispiel der Wasserwirtschaft," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 0705, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  8. Gebremedhin, Berhanu & Pender, John & Tesfay, Girmay, 2003. "Community natural resource management: the case of woodlots in Northern Ethiopia," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(01), pages 129-148, February. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Leger, Andreanne, 2005. "Intellectual property rights in Mexico: Do they play a role?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1865-1879, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Beyene, Fekadu, 2007. "The Role of Customary Institutions in Managing Conflict on Grazing Land: A Study from Mieso District, Eastern Ethiopia," Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers 7703, Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  2. Bekele Hundie, 2006. "Explaining Changes of Property Rights among Afar Pastoralists, Ethiopia," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1406, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  3. Andreas Thiel, 2006. "Institutions of Sustainability and Multifunctional Landscapes, Lessons from the Case of the Algarve," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1306, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  4. Gatzweiler, Franz & Volkmann, Jorg, 2007. "Beyond Economic Efficiency in Biodiversity Conservation," Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers 7704, Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  5. Beyene, Fekadu & Korf, Benedikt, 2008. "Unmaking the commons: Collective action, property rights and resource appropriation among (agro-) pastoralists in eastern Ethiopia," CAPRi working papers 88, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
  6. Stefan Jungcurt & Thomas Meyer, 2006. "Consolidation, Delimitation and Stalemate - Disruptive Interplay and Strategic Incentives in the CBD-TRIPS Relationship," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1606, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Tatiana Kluvánková-Oravská & Veronika Chobotová, 2006. "Shifting Governance in Slovensky Raj National Park," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1506, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  8. Theesfeld, Insa & Schleyer, Christian & Callois, Jean-Marc & Aznar, Oliver, 2008. "Ex-ante Policy Assessment from an Institutional Perspective. A Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment (PICA)," Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers 6112, Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  9. Franz Gatzweiler & Jörg Volkmann, 2007. "Beyond Economic Efficiency in Biodiversity Conservation," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1807, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
  10. Tisdell, Clem, 2008. "BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics," Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources Discussion Papers 6185, Humboldt University Berlin, Institute for Agricultural Economic and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Volker Beckmann & Claudio Soregaroli & Justus Wesseler, 2006. "Governing the Co-Existence of GM Crops - Ex-Ante Regulation and Ex-Post Liability under Uncertainty and Irreversibility," ICAR Discussion Papers (Institutional Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources) 1206, Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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